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Felicia Suddath
Physiology Week 1-6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Connective Tissue | Sparsely arranged cells surrounded by a large proportion of extracellular matrix often containing structural fibers (and sometimes mineral crystals) Bones--Joint cartilage - Tendons and ligaments - Blood - Fat |
| Epithelial Tissue | One or more layers of densely arranged cells with very little extracellular matrix May form either sheets or glands Outer layer of skin - Lining of the respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive tracts |
| Muscle Tissue | Long fiberlike cells, sometimes branched, capable of pulling loads; extracellular fibers sometimes hold muscle fiber together Heart muscle, Muscles of head and neck, arms, legs, trunk Muscles in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach, intestines |
| Nervous Tissue | Mixture of many cell types, including several types of neurons (conducting cells) and neuroglia (support cells) Tissue of brain and spinal cord Nerves of the body Sensory organs of the body |
| Skeletal - Muscle tissue Voluntary | Movement of the bones, heat production and posture. Many nucleus near the sarcolemma. T-tubes are narrow. No gap junctions |
| Cardiac - Muscle tissue Involuntary | Pumps blood to and from the heart Single nucleus near the center of the cell. T-tubules are large diameter. Intercalated disks - gap junctions and desmosomes |
| Smooth - Muscle tissue Involuntary | Movement in walls of hollow organs - Parastalsis, mixing fluids Single nuceus near the center of the cell No T-tubules. single unit gap junctions, multi-unit have few gap junctions |
| Epidermis - Cell layers | Stratum basale (base layer)1 layer-columnar cells Stratum spinosum (spiny)8-10 layers with desmosomes Stratum granulosum (granular)cells arranged in 2-4 layers keratohyalin granules Stratum lucidum (clear) Stratum corneum- Superficial/dead cell layer |
| Epidermal growth and repair | Turnover or regeneration time refers to time required for epidermal cells to form in the stratum basale and migrate to the skin surface—about 35 days |
| Dermoepidermal junction (DEJ) | A basement membrane, with unique fibrous elements, and a polysac-charide gel serve to “glue” the epidermis to the dermis below partial barrier - allows some cells & large molecules |
| Dermis Sometimes called “true skin”—much thicker than the epidermis and lies beneath it | Gives strength to the skin A reservoir storage area for water and electrolytes Contains various structures - Arrector pili muscles/hair follicles, sensory receptors, sweat/subaceous glands, blood vessels Scaring is a result of injury - adipocytes |
| Hypodermis Located deep to the dermis; also called the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia | Mostly loose fibrous and adipose connective tissue, along with nerves, blood/lymphatic vessels |
| Skin Functions | Protection: physical, chemical, prevents dehydration, and UV exposure Sensation: Somatic sensory receptors detect stimuli. (Pressure, pain, touch, temp) Felxibility Excretion Absorbtion/Hormone production Immunity Homeostasis |
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feliciasuddath