Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ethics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What four sections does the APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct consist of? | Introduction & Applicability section Preamble General Principles Ethical Standards |
| When is reporting an ethical violation of a colleague required? | When the violation has or is likely to cause substantial harm, is not appropriate for informal resolution of when it has not been resolved informally. |
| What are some situations where informal resolution may not be appropriate when resolving an ethical violation by a colleague? | When the psychologist's violation involves: Addiction to substances/ is related to serious emotional disturbance or mental illness General incompetence Pre-existing bad feelings between the psychologists making an informal approach too confrontational |
| When might confidentiality be breached without an employee's authorization when using an Employee Assistance Program? | When doing so is legally required or permitted (eg: to notify appropriate authorities when the employee is a danger to self or others or to report child abuse) |
| What steps should psychologists take to maintain confidentiality when delivering telepsychology services? | Private soundproof room, having password protection on all devices used to provide services, using encryption for all confidential data, ensuring virus and malware protections are up to date, using platforms that provide security & privacy |
| What are some platforms that are HIPAA compliant? | Doxy.me, thera-LINK, Zoom for Healthcare, Webex for Healthcare, GoToMeeting, Skype for Business |
| Can a therapist breach confidentiality when a client has failed to pay for the psychologists professional services? | A therapist is permitted to contact a collection agency when a client has failed to pay for services |
| How should therapists go about consultation with colleagues in an ethical way? | Therapists should not disclose identifying information and only disclose info necessary to achieve the purposes of the consultation. |
| What are some common exceptions to privilege? | When the court has ordered an examination of a person to determine competency to stand trial When a person is suing his/her therapist for malpractice When a person is using mental status as a claim/defense in a legal case |
| What is sexual harassment defined as? | Verbal or nonverbal conduct that is sexual in nature and that creates an unwelcome, offensive or hostile environment and is severe/intense to be abuse to a reasonable person in the context |
| Who can claim privilege? | The client, the clients legal representative and claimed by the therapist on behalf of the client |
| Dr. Horowitz learns that a current therapy client has started dating one of Dr. Horowitz’s close friends. To be consistent with ethical guidelines, Dr. Horowitz should | Discuss the situation with her client to help determine the best course of action. |
| How do members of the military differ in terms of confidentiality rights? | Psychologists must adhere to Department of Defense rules that limit the confidentiality of mental health info. Therapists should provide details informed consent regarding the fact that confidentiality can never be guaranteed in the military. |
| If a incarcerated client discloses to a therapist that they are planning to harm a correctional staff or another inmate and the psychologist believes the threat is serious, what is the therapist's best course of action? | Psychologist must meet the duty to protect by breaching confidentiality and reporting the threat to the warden or other appropriate prison official. |
| If an incarcerated client discloses intent to harm someone outside the prison, what should a therapist do | Given the inmate's likely inability to carry out this threat, the duty to protect would likely not apply. Treatment should be aimed at reducing risk of violence. |
| What are best practices when it comes to using an interpreter in sessions? | ➺ Interpreter should be certified by a national organization whenever possible ➺Obtain consent before using an interpreter ➺Discuss with interpreter the need for confidentiality ➺Consider having written guidelines/contract that specify confidentiality |
| When might a therapist be subject to vicarious liability when delegating work to an employee/supervisee? | ➺When psych has authority to control employee/supervisee ➺Employee/supervisee's conduct deviates from standard of care & cause damage to recipient ➺Employee/supervisee's conduct must be within scope of their designated responsibilities |
| What should a psychologist do when they become aware that personal problems might be negatively affecting an ongoing professional activity? | Take appropriate measures such as seeking consultation to determine whether the activity should be limited, suspended or terminated |
| What does a multiple relationship occur? | ➺When a psych has a professional relationship with a person and a) at the same time has another professional relationship with that person or someone closely associated and b) promises to enter into a relationship in the future with that person |
| How does the Ethics Code view nonsexual posttermination relationships? | They are not explicitly prohibited, but would be unethical if the posttermination relationship was promised during the course of the original relationship or if the individual was exploited/harmed by the intent to have a posttermination relationship. |
| How should therapists utilize informed consent when providing services to individuals legally incapable of giving consent? | They should provide an appropriate explanation, consider their best interests, seek their assent and obtain permission from a legally authorized person when doing so is permitted/required by law. |
| When is consent presumed regarding a minor? | When a parent/legal guardian is required to give consent but is not available to do so and the circumstances are life threatening for the minor. Consent should be obtained for any ongoing treatment. |
| What is the "doctrine of implied consent"? | The provision in the US that allows emergency treatment of minors in emergency departments without consent of parent/legal guardian. |
| What is the disclosure of protected health information allowed by covered entities? | The HIPAA allows covered entities to disclose PHI without the client's authorization when the info will be used for treatment, payment or health care operations. |
| When a forensic evaluation is required in a legal proceeding, what is the best practice? | The evaluation & report should focus on information relevant to the psycholegal questions addressed by the evaluation. |
| What two types of degrees can a psychologist use as evidence of their qualitifications? | A doctoral degree in psychology from an accredited education institution or a degree from a nonaccredited education institution for a program that has been approved by the state as qualifying psychologists for licensure. |
| How do forensic records usually differ from typical clinical records? | They are usually more detailed, should include all notes and materials used to form an opinion and should be kept in mind that the entirety of the record could be subject to discovery |
| What measures should psychologists take when protecting client confidentiality when using digital technologies? | Encrypting all client records & communication, using HIPAA compliant cloud providers, using two-factor authentication, working with air-gapped computers, including risks associated with digital storage and communication in informed consent documents |
| In the event of a planned or unplanned withdrawal from practice, how should psychologists prepare regarding client records? | Psychologists are required to have plans for transferring client records & maintaining their confidentiality, which include having a professional will, having an arrangement with a responsible colleague/professional association to manage records |
| How long should therapists maintain professional records? | Until 7 years after the last date of service for adults or until 3 years after a minor reaches the age of maturity, whichever is later |
| What information may be provided to a collection agency when collecting unpaid fees? | Limited info: client's name, address, phone number, date of services and amount due for services |
| What does the code determine regarding sliding scale fees? | The Ethics Code does not address sliding scale based on client income, however generally they are viewed as acceptable as long as they are applied consistently and equitably and consistent with state laws. |
| What does the code state with regard to withholding client records and unpaid fees? | Psychs may not withhold client records when needed for emergency treatment solely because of unpaid fees. |
| What does HIPAA state regarding unpaid fees and withholding client records? | It does not allow providers to refuse to allow a patient to inspect or obtain a copy of their health records due to nonpayment of fees. |
| What does the code state regarding transferring information electronically? | If confidential info is entered into databases or systems of records available to people whose access the client has not consented to, psychs should use coding or other techniques to avoid personal identifiers. |
| What does the code state regarding soliciting testimonials? | Psychologists are prohibited from soliciting testimonials from current therapy clients and others who because of their particular circumstance are vulnerable to undue influence. |
| Using solicited testimonials from former therapy clients who are not vulnerable to undue influence is ______________ | Acceptable according to the code |
| What are some examples of unethical and fraudulent conduct regarding fees & billing? | Assigning a client an inaccurate dx to receive reimbursement from an insurance company Indicating that services were provided by a psych when they were done by a supervisee Billing an insurance company for missed appointments |
| Routinely waiving client co-payments without an insurance company's agreement is ______________ & ____________ | Unethical and fraudulent |
| Psychologists may not complete informed consent in research when it involves: | Studying routine educational practices in educational settings Studying factors related to job or organizational effectiveness Anonymous questionnaires, naturalistic observations or archival research |
| It may be unnecessary to obtain informed consent prior to recording subjects' voices or images when the study: | Involves naturalistic observations in public places where there is no expectation of privacy & observations are not likely to cause personal identification/harm Involves deception and consent to use the recording will occur in debriefing |
| When using inducements for participation in research, therapists should: | Make reasonable efforts to avoid offering excessive or inappropriate financial or other inducements for research when they are likely to coerce participation. |
| While not directly addressed in the code, what is the recommended number of referrals when terminating services? | A minimum of three referrals |
| When might a therapist be permitted to forego pretermination counselling & providing alternatives? | When a therapist is threatened or otherwise endangered by the client or another person with whom the client has a relationship. |
| When determining if a sexual relationship with a former client is exploitative, what factors are considered? | a)Time passed since termination b)Nature, duration, intensity of therapy c)Context of termination d)Ct's history e)Ct's current mental status f)Likelihood of adverse impacts on ct g) Actions during therapy to invite relationship after therapy ended |
| If a client says they are seeing you and another therapist simultaneously for the same problem to resolve the issues quicker, what is the best course of action? | Consider terminating with this client |
| In a circumstance where a client is seeing you for one issue and in a group therapy for a different issue, what actions should you take? | Obtain client's consent to consult with the other therapist to coordinate the two treatments |
| When using treatments that are not generally recognized techniques, what should a therapist do? | Inform the client of the developing nature of the treatment, potential risks involved, alternative treatments that may be available and the voluntary nature of their participation |
| Generally, what are psychologists permitted to do with test data? | Psychs ordinarily release test data to the client, but may refrain to protect the client from harm or misuse of the data. |
| What are psychologists permitted to do with test materials? | Psychs are permitted to discuss individual test items with a client when doing so will help them understand their test results. |
| When a person is assessed as having "questionable capacity to consent" or when an assessment is mandated, how should a therapist incorporate informed consent? | Therapist should provide client with information about the general nature and purpose of the assessment in "reasonably understandable" language |
| When using the services of an interpreter to assist with assessment, how should a psychologist utilize informed consent? | Should obtain informed consent from the client for the use of the interpreter, ensure that confidentiality of test results and test security are maintained and include a description of any limitations of the data resulting from using an interpreter. |
| When might a psychologist not explain assessment results to an individual? | When a situation precludes this requirement, for example when the assessment is part of employment screening or forensic evaluation. Client should be informed of this prior to the assessment. |
| When is it acceptable to use outdated tests? | When they are appropriate for the purpose of a current evaluation |
| What do Wright and colleagues recommend to address unique issues that arise when implementing assessments via telepsychology? | Use wider confidence intervals when interpreting scores because the margin of error is increased when scores are from non standardized administration procedures & noting how procedures were altered/how this might affect interpretation. |
| How should accommodations & modifications be handled in test reports? | They should be documented with a description of how they affect the validity of the interpretation of test scores. |
| What four conditions must be met for a client to success in a claim of malpractice against a psychologist? | 1) Psych must have had a professional relationship with the client 2) There was a breach of the duty on the part of psych 3) Client suffered injury or harm as result of breach 4) Breach was direct cause of harm/injury |
| What do evaluations of civil competencies generally focus on? | Individual's ability to understand any of the information that is relevant to making an everyday decision and include assessing competency to make a will, enter into a contract & make medical decisions. |
| What is the primary criteria used to determine competency to stand trial? | A defendants ability to cooperate with their attorneys and understand the charges/proceedings against them |
| What methods are used to evaluate competency to stand trial? | Clinical interview, mental status exam, psychological tests, review of collateral information & competency specific tests |
| What is the primary function of a psychological autopsy? | Clarifying deaths that are unclear with regard to the cause of death |
| When used for forensic purposes, suicide psychological autopsy helps what? | Clarify questions related to insurance claims, contested wills, malpractice claims, workers compensation and other legal issues |
| Suicide psychological autopsy, when used for research purposes helps with what? | Identifying suicide risk factors and methods of prevention |
| When used as a clinical tool, suicide psychological autopsy provides what? | Information that helps family members understand the deceased's state of mind at the time of death and facilitate their grieving process. |
| Who generally conducts a psychological autopsy? | Usually conducted by psychologists, psychiatrists and other mental health professionals with training in forensic psychology and/or death investigation |
| What information is typically obtained in a psychological autopsy? | Crime scene info, medical and police reports, records left by the deceased (suicide notes, letters, emails, bank accounts, employee or student records), interviews with family members, close friends & co-workers |
| When is psychological autopsy accepted in legal proceedings? | It is accepted as the basis of expert testimony in some civil cases but is unlikely to be accepted in criminal cases. |
| Why is the most appropriate response to negative reviews no response? | It is rarely possible to have negative reviews deleted from a website Responding directly is likely to violate ethical responsibilities and HIPAA's privacy rules Counteracting negative reviews by posting positive ones violates ethical requirements |
| In general, what is permitted when it comes to interjurisdictional practice via telepsychology? | For jurisdictions not part of PSYPACT, laws governing this practice vary. Prior to providing services, psychs must determine the requirements for telepsych in the jurisdiction where they/client are located at time of services. |
| What factors must psychologists consider when providing telepsychology services to clients located in other jurisdictions? | ➺ Be familiar with laws related to child and elder abuse reporting, duty to warn/protect and civil commitment ➺ Must know local resources for client in emergencies ➺ Should advertise services only to individuals within their jurisdiction as is feasible |
| What does the APA-CoA accredit? | ➺Doctoral programs in clinical, counselling & school psych ➺Doctoral internships in aforementioned areas ➺Postdoctoral residencies in aforementioned areas & speciality practice areas (eg: forensic psych) |
| What is the primary purpose of APA accreditation? | To assure public that a program has defined training aims that meet professional/scientific standards that support the successful, ethical and skillful delivery of psychological services & protect interest of students, benefit the public |
| What should the abstract for a meta-analysis include according to JARS? | Study's objectives, eligibility criteria for a study's inclusion in the analysis, statistical and other methods used to synthesize studies included in the analysis, results and conclusions |
| What is a primary vs. delegated supervisor? | Primary: a psych who's licensed at the doctoral level in the jurisdiction where supervision is provided Delegated: licensed health practitioner to whom the primary supervisor may choose to delegate certain supervisory responsibilities |
| What was the APA's Guidelines for Clinical Supervision in Health Service Psychology developed for? | A resource to inform education and training regarding the implementation of competency based supervision with the primary obligation of protecting the welfare of the client |
| What does the CPA's Ethical Guidelines for Supervision in Psychology provide | An ethical framework for maintaining an effective and mutually respective working alliance between supervisor and supervisee that enhances learning, and results in the supervisee working to a higher standard of performance that protects clients from harm |
| What is the most frequently occurring ethical concern psychs experience? | Confidentiality |
| According to the preamble, the primary goal of the ethics code is: | Education of members, students and public regarding ethical standards, the welfare of the individuals and groups with whom the psychologists work. |
| In the event that a conflict arises between the ethics code & the law, what is the ethical course of action? | Psychologists should clarify nature of conflict, make known their commitment to the code and take reasonable steps to resolve the conflict. |
| You discover that a client is dating your cousin. What is the best ethical course of action? | Ensure that objectivity is not being impaired and does not involve harm or exploitation to the client. |
| When is it acceptable for an academic program to ask a student to disclose personal details about psychological and psychiatric treatment? | 1) Posing a threat/harm 2) Admission material establish this requirement 3) To assist with personal problems that seem to interfere with competent performance |
| When is someone considered an expert witness? | The court has to formally recognize them as one and possess relevant knowledge of the psychological domain. |
| What are the exceptions to obtaining client consent regarding assessment? | 1) When mandated by the court 2) When testing is part of routine educational/organizational activity 3) When testing is being conducted to assess decisional capacity |
| When a conflict arises between HIPPA & state law, what is the best course of action? | Abide with HIPPA as it is federal and supersedes individual state laws. In the event that state law is stricter than HIPPA, abide by the stricter guidelines proposed by state law. |
| What does the code say regarding the release of personal health information vs. psychotherapy notes and client consent? | PHI can be released for the purposes of treatment, billing and general treatment, whereas psychotherapy notes require explicit client consent. |
| The tendency to overestimate the extent to which members of certain minority groups engage in criminal behavior despite the fact that minority group status and criminal behavior are relatively rare and distinctive phenomena is an example of: | Illusory correlation, which occurs when people overestimate the correlation between two unrelated variables or only slightly related. |
| McGuire's attitude inoculation hypothesis proposes that people are less likely to be induced by a persuasive message to change their attitudes when: | They have heard a weak argument against their current attitude and refutations of that argument before being exposed to the persuasive message. |
| What is McGuire's attitude inoculation hypothesis? | The best way to increase resistance to persuasion is to "immunize" people against attempts to change their attitudes by providing them with weak arguments against their current attitudes along with counterarguments that refute those arguments |
| According to HIPPA, what sort of information does not require consent from the client prior to releasing it? | We can discuss treatment, billing and health care operations with others without authorization from the client. |
| Sharing information with a patient's employer without a patient authorization, according to HIPPA, would be considered: | Illegal |
| With regard to providing telehealth, licensed psychologists: | May provide telehealth services to patients outside of the jurisdiction in which they are licenses if the patient's jurisdiction explicitly allows this. |
Created by:
JSalisbury