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ASTR 101
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| At what location would all visible stars be circumpolar? | The North Pole |
| This night long photo exposure was taken (from the top of a mountain) in what location? | Near the Equator |
| Why do constellations appear to move across the night sky? | Because the Earth spins on its axis |
| What direction was the photographer looking in this picture taken in Joshua Tree National Park, California? | North |
| Imagine you are standing in the Northern Hemisphere. Looking directly north, you see a star just above the horizon.Ten minutes later, you notice that it has shifted position slightly.Which way did it move? | To the right (east) |
| Can you view circumpolar stars at the equator? | No |
| How often is the sun directly over the Earth's equator? | once every 6 months |
| If the direction of the Sun's motion along the ecliptic was reversed, how would its daily motion appear? | It would continue to rise in the east and set in the west |
| At which time is the sun above our horizon for the greatest number of hours? | The June Solstice |
| On September 22, the Sun will set exactly on the West Point of the horizon. Where would the Sun appear to set 2 weeks later? | Farther North |
| Which of the following experiences the smallest change in sunlight over the course of a year? | The Equator |
| If Earth were tilted more (60 degrees rather than 23.5 degrees), then during winter at your location you would | Experience cooler temperatures. |
| Which is more important for a seasonal temperature: direct sunlight or hours of daylight? Hint: Where on Earth is location C? | Direct Sunlight |
| You see the planet Jupiter on the eastern horizon right after sunset. Six hours later Jupiter will be... | high in the southern sky |
| Where would you look to see a planet rise when it is undergoing apparent retrograde motion? | On the eastern horizon |
| During the new moon phase, how much of the Moon's surface is being illuminated by sunlight? | None of it |
| During the full moon phase, how much of the moon's surface is being illuminated by sunlight? | All of it |
| Which position corresponds to a first-quarter moon? | right side showing |
| Which of the following best describes why the moon goes through phases? | We only see part of the lit-up Moon depending on its position to the Earth and Sun |
| What time is it when the moon phase shown at right first begins at rise above the horizons? (left lighted) | midnight |
| What is the phase of the Moon immediately before a Solar eclipse? | new |
| What type of eclipse would be seen by observers on the night side of the Earth in the diagram below? | Partial Lunar Eclipse |
| Which phase of the Moon rises in the east as the Sun sets in the west? | full |
| Describe the Goldilocks condition for our planet. | Not too hot, Not too cold; just the right temperature for water. |
| What will happen to the Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxy in the future? | they will end up merging. |
| Explain the expansion of the universe using the muffin analogy | OVER TIME: WE GET FARTHER AWAY FROM OTHER GALAXIES |
| Define the Azimuth and Altitude. | Azimuth: angle AROUND the horizon Altitude: angle ABOVE the horizon |
| Why can't you see all the constellations during each month? | Constellations visible at night will change over the seasons & depending on your location on Earth. |
| Where can you view circumpolar stars? | At the North and South celestial poles |
| Describe the difference between rise and set stars & never-rise stars. | Rise and Set Stars: can be SEEN above the horizon - Seen in the northern and southern hemispheres. Never-Rise Stars: Dip BELOW the horizon. -tip: Circumpolar stars in the North (red) are never-rise for the south (blue) |
| What is the Moon phase before a Solar Eclipse? | new |
| Describe the Sun, Earth, and Moon alignments in Lunar & Solar Eclipses. | LUNAR ECLIPSE: Sun --> Earth -->Moon SOLAR ECLIPSE: Sun --> Moon --> Earth |
| Why are eclipses rare? | An eclipse requires the moon to be aligned exactly with the Earth & Sun AND lie on the ecliptic plane, which is why eclipses are rare. |
| Identify the difference between an umbra & penumbra. | Umbra: the darkest part of the shadow, where the light is COMPLETELY BLOCKED. PENUMBRA: when PART of the light source is blocked |
| Which phase of the Moon rises in the East, while the Sun rises in the West? | full |
| Why does our Moon go through phases? | Depending on the Moon's position in its orbit, it can be illuminated in different ways |
| Identify the four major Moon phases in a single month. | - New Moon (0% illuminated) - Full Moon (100% illuminated) - 1st Quarter (right illuminated) - 3rd Quarter (left illuminated) |
| How was our Moon created? | It was created because an asteroid collided with the Earth and broke off a chunk. |
| Explain the difference between prograde & retrograde motion. | Prograde: An object that spins in the same direction as its orbit - **DRIFT FROM WEST TO EAST compared to background stars RETROGRADE: An object that spins in the opposite direction as its orbit - **MOVE FROM EAST TO WEST compared to background stars |
| On a normal night, which directions do the planets appear to rise & set? | On a normal night, the planets will rise in the East and set in the West. |
| Which range of numbers can we measure azimuth and altitude? | Altitude: -90 to 90 Azimuth: 0 to 360* (FULL CIRCLE) |
| Define an angular size. | The angular size of an object is the angle it appears to cover your point of view. |
| Which direction do planets move in the night sky? | The direction the planets move in the night sky is west to east |
| Identify the inner and outer planets of our Solar System | Inner planets: CLOSER TO THE SUN - MERCURY, VENUS, EARTH, and MARS (ROCKY PLANETS) Outer planets: JUPITER, SATURN, and NEPTUNE (GAS GIANTS) |
| What is the most important factor that causes the changing seasons? | the tilt of the Earth's axis- which changes how much direct sunlight, along with the sun's orbit, the North & South hemispheres receive- which causes seasons to shift. |
| How long does it take for the sun to reach its Zenith in the sky? | It takes a year for the sun to reach its zenith again (in the summer) - This is for us in the Northern Hemisphere |
| How often is the Sun over our equator? | The sun is over the equator TWICE - In the summer: the sun is NORTH of the CELESTIAL EQUATOR. It rises North of East - In the winter: The sun is at the SOUTH of the CELESTIAL EQUATOR. It rises South of East. |
| Describe the difference between an equinox & solstice | Equinox: Equal amounts of day & night Solstice: Sun standing still. |
| Identify the day of the year where we receive the most sunlight | Summer solstice shifts between June 20, 21, & 22. |
| Why do we get more direct sunlight in the summer? | The sun's path is higher and longer in the summer. ** The Earth's axis is also tilted closer to the sun during summer |
| Why do we have leap years? | We have leap years because we need to rest the amount of days the Earth revolves (roughly 365 days- add one more day to account for it) |
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pbx