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Intro to Economics
for unit test
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Good | Tangible economic product that is useful, relatively scarce, transferable to others; used to satisfy wants and needs |
Economics | social science dealing with the study of how people satisfy seemingly unlimited and competing wants with the careful use of scarce resources |
Need | basic requirement for survival; includes food, clothing, and/or shelter |
Scarcity | fundamental economic problem facing all societies that results from a combination of limited resources and people's virtually unlimited wants |
Want | something we would like to have but it is not necessary for survival |
Factors of Production | productive resources that make up the four categories of land, capital, labor, and entrepreneurship |
Land | natural resources or "gifts of nature" not created by human effort; one of four factors of production |
Capital | tools, equipment, and factories used in the production of goods and services; one of four factors of production |
Labor | people with all their abilities and efforts; one of the four factors of production, does not include the entrepreneur |
Entrepreneur | risk-taking individual in search of profits; one of four factors of production |
Gross Domestic Product | dollar value of all final goods, services, and structures produced within a country's national borders during a one-year period |
Service | work or labor preformed for someone; economic product that includes haircuts, home repairs, forms of entertainment |
Value | worth of a good or service as determined by the market |
Paradox of Value | apparent contradiction between the high value of a nonessential item and the low value of an essential item |
utility | ability or capacity of a good or service to be useful and give satisfaction to someone |
wealth | sum of tangible economic goods that are scarce, useful, and transferable from one person to another; excludes services |
Economic Growth | increase in a nation's total output of goods and services over time |
Productivity | measure of the amount of output produced with a given amount of productive factors; normally refers to labor, but can apply to all factors or production |
human capital | sum of peoples' skills, abilities, health, and motivation |
Specialization | division of work into a number of separate tasks to be preformed by different workers |
opportunity cost | the loss of the next best alternative use of money, time, or resources when one choice is made rather than another |
economic model | simplified version of a complex concept or behavior expressed in the form of an equation, graph, or illustration |
cost-benefit analysis | way of thinking that compares the cost of an action to its benefits |
Standard of Living | quality of life based on ownership of necessities and luxuries that make life easier |
Commodity | Kind of money where items of value are traded of other items of roughly the same value: |
Representative | Kind of money where a paper note can be exchanged at a financial institution for pre-determined amount of valuable goods (i.e. gold, etc...) |
Fiat | Kind of money based on trust in the stability and power of the government that mints currency: |
1900 | When did the first paper money get created in the United States? |
Three basic questions of economics: | What is the produce? How to produce it? For whom to produce? |
Inflation | a persistent, substantial rise in the general level of prices related to an increase in the volume of money and resulting in the loss of value of currency |
Which statistic measures the total size of an economy? | GDP |
Which measures (roughly) the average wealth of individuals in an economy? | GDP per capita |
Which is better for comparing a countries economic growth from year to year? | Real GDP |
What is generally considered to be a healthy level of inflation for a developed economy? | 3% |
At 3% inflation prices double every... | 24 years |
TINSTAAFL | There Is No Such Thing As A Free Lunch |