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Which prefix means "two"?
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The master regulatory system that sends and receives information is the _____ system.
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Chapter 10 assgn
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which prefix means "two"? | Bi- |
| The master regulatory system that sends and receives information is the _____ system. | nervous |
| For the flow of information in the nervous system, match each component with its part in the process. | Sensory Input<-->Receptor Integration <--> Brain and Spinal Cord Motor Output <--> Effector such as muscle |
| The two main divisions of the nervous system are the _____ nervous system and the _____ nervous system. | central; peripheral |
| Which three items are parts of a neuron? | cell body axon dendrites |
| Match each letter with the appropriate term for the neuron structure indicated by the arrow. | axon <--> A dendrite <--> B axon <--> C |
| Thinking, learning, and regulating movement are functions of which organ system? | Nervous |
| Match the neuron type with its function. | Sensory (afferent) neuron- Located in PNS; carry impulses toward the CNS Motor (efferent) neuron- Located in PSN; carry impulses away from the CNS Interneuron- Located in the CNS; integrate sensory signals |
| Match the function of the nervous system with the component that carries it out. | Sensory input <--> Receptor Integration and processing <--> Brain and spinal cord Motor Output <--> Effector |
| Indicate three general functions of neuroglia. | Produce components of myelin. Provide structural support of neurons. Carry out phagocytosis. |
| Which are the two major divisions of the nervous system? | Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system |
| Neurons include cell bodies and cell processes called _____ and _____. | dendrites; axons |
| The water molecule shows ______ because it has negatively-charged regions in the vicinity of the oxygen atom and positively-charged regions near the hydrogen atoms. | polarity |
| Identify the neuron structures indicated by each arrow. | A) dendrite B) chromatophilic substance C) schwann Cell D) axon |
| The term indicating that charges are likely to move across the cell membrane is membrane _____. | potential |
| Neurons carrying nerve impulses toward the CNS are _____ neurons while neurons carrying nerve impulses from the CNS to the periphery are _____ neurons. | sensory; motor |
| Neurons are ______, meaning they respond to changes in their surroundings with changes in their membrane potential. | excitable |
| Identify three functions of neuroglial cells. | Remove excess ions and neurotransmitters from areas surrounding neurons. produce growth factors for neurons guide neurons into position during embryogenesis |
| A cell membrane is ______ if its membrane potential becomes less negative (more positive) than the resting potential. | depolarized |
| Most cells are negatively charged on the inside but have a positively charged extracellular space outside. This difference in charges is called ______. | polarity |
| A(n) _____ period is a brief time following a nerve impulse when the membrane is unresponsive to an ordinary stimulus. | refractory |
| Which term indicates that charges have the capability of moving across the cell membrane, creating an electric current? | membrane potential |
| As an action potential occurs in one area of the axon, an electrical current to neighboring areas of the membrane initiates ______. | another action potential |
| Since neurons can respond to changes in their surroundings, they are described as _____. | excitable |
| A junction between two neurons is called a ______. | synapse |
| Some neuroglial cells produce the components of the electrical insulator called ______. | myelin |
| Ion channels that respond to neurotransmitter molecules are described as _____ gated. | chemically |
| When depolarization occurs, the resting membrane potential becomes ______ negative and ______ 0mV. | less; closer to |
| What is a refractory period for a membrane? | Period of time after an action potential when the membrane cannot send another action potential. |
| An ______ postsynaptic potential involves the opening of sodium channels, depolarizing the membrane, and bringing it closer to a threshold level. | excitatory |
| As an action potential occurs in one area of the axon, it causes nearby ______ channels to open, initiating another action potential in the neighboring membrane. | voltage-gated |
| The neurotransmitter released at neuromuscular junctions, stimulating skeletal muscle contraction, is _____. | acetylcholine |
| One neuron sends a signal to a nearby neuron across a space called a(n) _____. | synapse |
| A molecule acting as a(n) _____ will alter the release of neurotransmitters or alter the response of the postsynaptic neuron to the neurotransmitter. | neuromodulator |
| What will trigger the opening of chemically gated ion channels? | binding of neurotransmitter molecules |
| An excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) occurs when neurotransmitters bind to their receptors and open chemically-gated ______ channels. | sodium |
| Groups of neurons within the CNS that synapse with each other and perform a common function are called neuronal ______. | pools |
| Which neurotransmitter is responsible for skeletal muscle contraction? | acetylcholine |
| Convergence of neurons allows which function to occur in the brain? | Allows neurons to collect and process impulses from different sources. |
| What is the effect of a neuromodulator? | alters the response of the neuron to a neurotransmitter |
| What is the function of divergent neuronal circuits in the nervous system? | To amplify impulses. |
| What are neuronal pools? | groups of neurons in the CNS with a common function |
| The term ______ describes an arrangement of neurons in which two or more presynaptic neurons synapse onto a single postsynaptic neuron. | convergence |
| A molecWhen one neuron synapses with several other neurons, this is a ______ circuit. | diverging |
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