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Geology Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The oldest chapter in Earth's history is the Precambrian, which began _______ years ago | 4.5 billion |
| The _________is the outermost layer of the Earth. | crust |
| Earth, Venus, Mercury and Mars are __________ planets | Terrestrial |
| The mantle directly beneath the lithosphere, the ____________ is mostly solid, but is so hot that it can flow under pressure | asthenosphere |
| A ________ is developed from a well-tested hypothesis | theory |
| Jupiter and the other gas giants are __________ than the inner planets. | much larger |
| Geoscientists interpret the core to consist of __________ | iron and nickel |
| All of the following are possible steps of scientific investigation except for ________. | assumption of conclusions without prior experimentation or observation |
| Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are _____ planets | gas giant |
| The crust and uppermost mantle together form an upper, rigid layer called the _________ | lithosphere |
| Most asteroids orbit between __________ | Mars and Jupiter |
| In ________ a rock is mechanically broken apart or altered by chemical reactions. | Weathering |
| One of the eras of the Phanerozoic eon is the _________, which started 542 million years ago. | Paleozoic |
| The lithosphere and asthenosphere are differentiated by their composition-the lithosphere is made of peridotide, while the asthenosphere is made of granite | False |
| In a closed system only energy flows into and out of the system | True |
| The earth consists of the crust, mantle, and core | True |
| The asthenosphere is the outermost layer of the Earth | False |
| Current theories for the formation of our solar system suggest that the Sun and planets condensed from a nebula. | True |
| amphibole minerals, such as hornblende form _______silicates | double chain |
| ___________ is composed of pure silicon dioxide (Si02), also called silica | quartz |
| __________exhibit a sheet-like silicate structure. | micas |
| Graphite and diamond have the same chemical compositions and different crystalline structures. | True |
| All the following statements are true regarding minerals, except... | they can be a liquid, solid, or glass |
| Which of the following physical properties of minerals describes the tendency of a mineral to break along parallel planes. | Cleavage |
| Which two elements are always found in silicate minerals? | silicon, oxygen |
| The most abundant mineral group in the Earth's crust are... | silicates |
| If a mineral breaks preferentially along a specific set of planes, the mineral has___________. | cleavage |
| In which type of chemical bond is created when two atoms share an electron? | covalent |
| An ionic bond forms because | there is an attraction between two oppositely-charged ions, where one atom loans one or more electrons to another atom. |
| Diamond and graphite both consist solely of carbon | True |
| _______is the only common mineral that effervescences with dilute hydrochloric acid ? | calcite |
| Testing a rock's ________ requires trying to scratch it with another material. | Hardness |
| What characteristics define a mineral? | naturally-occurring inorganic solid with an ordered internal structure and specific chemical composition |
| ________ are generally associated with a divergent plate boundary. | Rift zones |
| The crucial weakness to the continental drift hypothesis, that eventually led to it's rejection by the scientific community was that he could | could not explain how or why the continents moved |
| New oceanic lithosphere forms at | divergent boundaries |
| the denser oceanic plate subducts beneath the more buoyant continental plate ________. | convergent plate boundaries |
| __________tried to explain that the continents have matching shapes like a jigsaw puzzle using a new hypothesis called continental drift. | Alfred Wegener |
| ________ was never proposed as evidence supporting the existence of Gondwana | Islands of Precambrian rocks along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge |
| Plates move at ____ to _______ | 1-15 centimeters per year |
| Which of the following was not used as evidence to prove plate tectonics | changes in the Moon's orbit due to shifting plates |
| An ocean trench forms | subduction zones |
| Which of the following is true of the volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands? | Volcanoes are active on the Big Island, but not on the other Hawaiian Islands |
| Early stages of rifting occur along the __________ rift | East-African |
| The Red Sea represents. | The early stages of seafloor spreading. |
| ________ could not swim in oceans, but fossils of this small reptile can be found in the atlantic | Mesosaurus |
| Which of the following is an example of a continent-continent converging boundary? | the collision of India with the southern edge of Asia |
| Name two modern continents that are remnants of Gondwana | Antarctica and South America |
| At a transform plate boundary ... | a zig-zag patterned fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions |
| __________are divergent plate boundaries where new oceanic lithosphere forms a two oceanic plates move apart. | Mid-ocean ridges |
Created by:
SyannB06