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A _____________ cell contains a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles.
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A(n) ____________ allows some substances to move freely into and out of a cell by simple diffusion while it will always exclude some substances from crossing.
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Cell Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A _____________ cell contains a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles. | eukaryotic |
| A(n) ____________ allows some substances to move freely into and out of a cell by simple diffusion while it will always exclude some substances from crossing. | selectively permeable membrane |
| Molecules sometimes move across a plasma membrane by passing through channel proteins or with the help of transport proteins. If no energy is used by the cell during this process, the process is called... | facilitated diffusion |
| Osmosis is a form of ... | simple diffusion |
| Small, noncellular infectious agents that are only capable of reproducing when inside a living cell are called ... | viruses |
| The _____ is a phospholipid bilayer that separates the internal components of a living cell from the cell's external environment. | plasma membrane |
| Since both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain ribosomes, boy type of cells are able to manufacture ... | proteins |
| The plasma membrane is mainly composed of ... | a double layer of phospholipids with the hydrophobic tails facing each other on the inside and the hydrophilic heads facing the external and internal environments. |
| What is the role of the Golgi apparatus? | Chemically tagging and packaging proteins. |
| What is the role of the chloroplast? | Photosynthesis |
| When energy is used to move molecules across a plasma membrane, _____ has occured. | active transport |
| Which cellular structure is primarily responsible for water and solute storage but sometimes also stores cellular waste products? | large central vacuole |
| Which cellular structure is responsible for the localized storage of chromosomal DNA? | nucleus |
| What are the nucleotide building blocks for DNA? | adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cystocine (C) |
| What are the cell structures typically found in plant cells but not found in animal cells? | cell wall, chloroplasts, and large central vacuole |
| What cell structure can be found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes? | cytoplasm, plasma membrane, ribosomes |
| What are the 2 main parts of cell theory? | Every living organism is composed of one or more cells, and all cells living today came from a preexisting cell. |
| What structure is primarily responsible for enzymatic breakdown of large molecules in the cell? | lysosome |
| What structure is the location of cellular respiration, which produces ATP for the cell? | mitochondrion |
| _____ is a pumped-up version of endocytosis where large macromolecules, or even entire microscopic organisms, are engulfed and "eaten" by another cell. | phagocytosis |
| Which of the following can most easily cross a plasma membrane? *sugar *H20 *K+ Ca+ | H20 - water is polar but small and with a neutral net charge, thus it can diffuse across the membrane. |
| What are the qualities of active transport? | requires energy, moves material from low concentration to high concentration, always requires a transport protein |
| What are the qualities of passive transport? | doesn't require energy, moves material from a high concentration to low concentration, can occur in the absence of transport proteins |
| What molecules cannot easily cross the plasma membrane without a transport protein? | Na+, K+, Ca+ Amino Acids |
| What are the basic units of all living organisms? | Cells |
| _________ states that all living things are composed of one or more cells and that all cells living today came from preexisting cell. | Cell Theory |
| _________ states that all living organisms reproduce; take in energy from their environment; sense & respond to their environment; exhibit homeostasis; and can evolve as groups. | Cell theory |
| What is made up of DNA and is a cell's complete genetic information? | Genome |
| What are the 4 necessary ingredients of the genome? | adenin (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cystosine (C) |
| What is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside a living cell? | A virus |
| What is the plasma membrane formed by? | Phospholipid bilayer |
| When the phospholipid bilayer forms a sphere, it is called _____ | A liposome |
| What helps make the plasma membrane selectively permeable? | Transport proteins. |
| What is the passive transport of a substance from a region where there is higher concentration to a region where there is lower concentration? | Diffusion |
| Water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide usually enter and leave cells by ______ | simple diffusion |
| What requires transport proteins? | Facilitated diffusion. |
| Osmosis can be simply explained how? | Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. This is how cells actively balance their water content. |
| What solution gains water in a cell? | Hypotonic solution |
| What solution loses water in a cell? | Hypertonic solution |
| What solution has no net movement in water? | Isotonic solution |
| Vesicles export materials by ______... | Exocytosis |
| Vesicles import materials by _____... | Endocystosis |
| What is endocytosis in which large particles are ingested? | Phagocytosis |
| What is endocytosis involving the capture of fluids? | Pinocytosis |
| What is a single-celled organism that does not have a nucleus or complex internal compartments called? | Prokaryotes |
| What are the membrane-enclosed compartments that concentrate and organize cellular chemical reactions? | Organelles |
| What theory states that eukaryotes evolved from simple prokaryotes? | Endosymbiotic theory |
| The _____ is the control center of the eukaryotic cell and contains DNA. | The nucleus |
| What is the nucleus bound by? | The nuclear envelope |
| What allows communication between the nucleus and the cell interior? | Nuclear pores |
| Lipids are made in the _____. | Smooth ER |
| What are proteins manufactured by in the rough ER? | Ribosomes |
| What receives proteins and lipids, sorts them, and directs their final destination? | The Golgi apparatus |
| What breaks down biomolecules such as proteins into simpler compounds that can be used by the cell? | Lysosomes |
| What stores water and lends physical support to plant cells? | Vacuoles |
| What produces chemical energy for eukaryotic cells in the form of ATP? | Mitochondria |
| What harnesses the energy of sunlight to make sugars through photosynthesis? | Chloroplasts |
| Eukaryotic cells depend on the _____ for structural support and for the ability to move and change shape. Plants, fungi, and some protists also have a cell wall that provides structural suppor.t | Cytoskeleton |
| What is the first step in the scientific theory? | Observe and ask questions about the natural world |
| What step in the scientific theory suggests a hypothesis to explain your observations and questions? | Hypothesis |
| What step in the scientific method will you generate predictions to test your hypothesis? | Predictions |
| After predictions in the scientific theory, you will ... | Design tests by observing or measuring or by running experiments. |
| According to the scientific theory, what do you do after you design tests? | You analyze the results. |
| What is a multi-step sequence of chemical reactions? | metabolic pathways |
| What extracts usable energy from sugar molecules? | Cellular respiration |
| What is found in all cells and is the energy carrier used to do cellular work? | ATP |
| _____ means that two or more ap | |
| What is also called the Calvin cycle or carbon fixations? | light-independent reactions |
| What speeds up reactions that would otherwise occur much more slowly? | Enzymes |
| What is the most common energy-carrying molecule in all organisms called? | ATP |
| What is the major product of photosynthesis? | Glucose |
| What type of research is intended to expand the fundamental knowledge base of science? | Basic research |
| What type of research seeks to use knowledge gained from basic research to address human issues and concerns ?- may involve developing commercial applications | Applied research |
| What means that two or more aspects of the natural world behave in an interrelated manner? | Correlation |
| What means that a change in one aspect causes a change in another? | Causation |
Created by:
Ziigwanikwe