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Classification
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Organism | an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form. |
| Cell | the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body. |
| Unicellular | consisting of a single cell. |
| Multicellular | having or consisting of many cells. |
| Metabolism | the chemical reactions in the body's cells that change food into energy. |
| Stimulus | anything that causes an organism to react. |
| Response | the behavior that is manifested by a living organism which is the result of an external or internal stimulus |
| Development | The series of changes which animal and vegetable organisms undergo in their passage from the embryonic state to maturity, from a lower to a higher state of organization. |
| Asexual reproduction | a mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by a single parent. |
| Sexual reproduction | the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes. |
| Spontaneous generation | the hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter |
| Autotroph | an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals. |
| Heterotroph | an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients. |
| Classification | The systematic grouping of organisms according to the structural or evolutionary relationships among them. |
| Taxonomy | the science of naming, describing and classifying organisms |
| Binomial nomenclature | the system of nomenclature in which two terms are used to denote a species of living organism, the first one indicating the genus and the second the specific epithet. |
| Genus | a taxonomic category ranking used in biological classification that is below family and above species. |
| Species | a group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring. |
| Prokaryote | organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles. Prokaryotes are divided into two distinct groups: the bacteria and the archaea. Most prokaryotes are small, single-celled organisms that have a relatively simple structure. |
| Eukaryote | organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. There is a wide range of eukaryotic organisms, including all animals, plants, fungi, and protists, as well as most algae. Eukaryotes may be either single-celled or multicellular. |
| Nucleus | the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes. The nucleus has a membrane around it, and is where RNA is made from the DNA in the chromosomes. |
| Evolution | a process that results in changes in the genetic material of a population over time. Evolution reflects the adaptations of organisms to their changing environments and can result in altered genes, novel traits, and new species. |
| Branching tree diagram | a set of groups within groups, with the organisms at the bottom having the fewest shared characteristics and the ones at the top having the most. |
| Shared derived characteristics | one that two lineages have in common |
| Convergent evolution | the process whereby distantly related organisms independently evolve similar traits to adapt to similar necessities. |
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E1611