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Module 7
Blood & Blood Vessels
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Functions of Blood | - transport (primary function) O2, CO2, nutrients, waste products - defense: clotting - Maintenance of homeostasis: pH, electrolytes, body temp - Maintenance of homeostasis: pH, electrolytes, body temp |
| Components of Blood | - Plasma - Buffy Coat - Hematocrit |
| Plasma | - 55% - yellow-colored liquid - water, protein, nutrients - sticky, fluid portion of blood - can be an important diagnostic tool |
| Buffy Coat | - 1% - leukocytes (WBC) - platelets |
| Hematocrit | - 44% - erythrocytes (RBC) |
| Hematopoiesis | - production of blood cells - blood cells are produced in liver and spleen before birth - red bone marrow is primary site after birth - liver produces >90% of plasma proteins |
| RBC | - 99% blood cells - Not true cells (no nucleus) - hemoglobin - biconcave shape= increases SA - can stretch and bend to get through vessel |
| Hemoglobin | - hemes bind O2 - Globin binds CO2 - gas transport occurs |
| Platelets | - cell fragments - involved in clotting - create fiber mesh - 8-10 day lifespan |
| Leukocytes | - main function is defense - bigger than RBC - function in most regions of body - variable life span |
| Granulocytes | - basophil - eosinophil - neutrophil |
| Agranulocytes (smooth and glassy) | - monocyte - lymphocyte |
| Basophil | - rarest - <1% WBC - attack inflammation - release histamine and heparin - parasites |
| Eosinophil | - 2-4% WBC - Attack inflammation - parasites - allergic reactions - phagocytic |
| Neutrophil | - most common - 50-70% WBC - Kill bacteria - most abundant - phagocytic - die after killing cells |
| Monocyte | - 2-8% WBC - non-specific immune response - macrophages - phagocytic |
| Lymphocyte | - 20-30% WBC - primary cells of adapted lymphatic system - specific immunity (T-cells, B-cells, NK cells) |
| Arteries | - thick walls - small lumens - appearance is more rounded |
| Veins | - thin walls - large lumens - flatter appearance |
| Tunica intima Arteries | - wavy endothelium - internal elastic membrane |
| Tunica Intima Veins | - smooth endothelium - absent internal elastic membrane |
| Tunica media arteries | - thickest layer - full of smooth muscle and elastic fibers |
| Tunica media veins | - thinner than tunica externa - smooth muscle and collagen fibers |
| Tunica externa arteries | - thinner than tunica media - collagen and elastic fibers - contain nervl and vasa vasorium |
| Tunica externa veins | - thickest layer - collagen and smooth muscle - contain nervi and vasa vasorium |
| Arteries and deep vein travel together | |
| Superficial vein closer to skin often don't have matching arteries | |
| 3 types of capillaries | - continuous - fenestrated - sinusoid |
| Continuous artery | - most common - least exchange - simple squamous epithelium - diffusion - selective permability |
| Fenestrated capillary | - more exchange than continuous - found more in kidneys |
| Sinusoid | - most exchange - cells can move through the big gaps - found in spleen, liver, lymph |
| Capillary bed | fed by an arteriole |
| Precapillary sphincters | - regulate blood flow to tissues - made of smooth muscle |
| arteriovenous anastomoses | - directly connect arterioles and venules - common in organs and around joints |
| Three ways for venous return | - muscle pump - respiratory pump - valves |
| Varicose veins | - nonfunctional valves cause blood to pool - more common in lower limbs |
| Blood Types | - determined by the antigens present on RBC |
| Blood Type A | - anti-B - A antigens - can receive blood from A and O |
| Blood Type B | - Anti-A - has B antigens - can receive from B and O |
| Blood Type AB | - no antis - has A and B antigens - universal recipient (A, B, AB, O) |
| Blood type O | - anti A and anti B - no antigens - universal donor |
| Rh Factor | - determines if we are (+) or (-) at the end of blood type - only way Rh is incompatible is if the mother is Rh- and the fetus is Rh+. Complications would occur mostly in second pregnancy of the child is Rh+ and could lead to a destroyed fetus |
| Collateral Circulation | - alternative pathways for delivering blood to a region of the body - important for blockage of blood vessel |
| Arteriovenous anastomoses | - regulate blood flow around capillary beds, connecting artery's directly with veins |
| Arterio-arterial anastomoses | provide collateral circulation to many organs and body regions |
| Sickle cell disease/trait | - genetic disorder - reduce oxygen carry transport - cells change shape and can block the arteries |
Created by:
kellsiechri