Socrates, Plato, & Aristotle

Who are "The Ancient Triumvirate (1000 BC to 500AD)

A philosopher that believes in a dualistic reality: Body & Soul. Specifically, the soul strives for wisdom and perfection and believes that the Body is temporary.

A philosopher that believes that the self is divided into 3 parts: Reason, Physical Appetite, & Spirit/Passion.

[RPS] A belief of Plato wherein the self comprise of basic human needs for survival (eating, drinking, sleeping, etc.).

[RPS] A belief of Plato wherein the self comprise of wisdom, logical reasoning.

[RPS] A belief of Plato wherein the self has the capability of feeling emotion.

A philosopher that believes that the self like a tabula rasa (blank tablet) that is composed of matter and form.

How does Aristotelians view the completion of their process for transcendence.

According to Aristotle, which denotes what materials/human elements make up of the self.

According to Aristotle, this is what determines the other due to its role for organization of such elements.

Stoicism, Hedonism, & Epicureanism

What are the three (3) Post-Aristotelians?

Embracing adversity by having apathy to pleasure. More so, it implies that challenges are sources for growth to be better.

Pleasure is the only good in life. On the other hand, pain is the only evil. Therefore, maximize happiness and minimize pain should be the life goal.

Moderate pleasure. The middle of stoicism and hedonism. Contentment with whatever you have ensures that you will never be dissappointed.

Within the Medieval Philosophy where there was an aim to merge philosophy and religion.

He integrated the teachings of Plato's philosophies with Christianity. "The self strives to achieve union with God through faith and reason."

He says the self-knowledge is dependent on our experience of the word around us. "The things the we love tell us what we are."

He says the solely just experiencing something makes us an expert about it. It requires and extended effort of understanding with experience and reason. (same with the mind and self)

Philosophy that occurred during 14th Century ti the early 20th Century.

The era where there developments of social, political, and intellectual, etc. that led to a rejection of medieval thinkers; excessive reliance on authority.

The self is a thinking thing, distinct from the body

Personal Identity is made possible by the self-consciousness.

There is no “self,” only a bundle of constantly changing perceptions passing through the theater of our minds

The self is a unifying subject, an organizing consciousness that makes intelligible experience possible.

The self is the way people behave. How we act determines us.

Paul & Patricia Churchland

The self is the brain. Mental states will be superseded by brain states.

A philosopher stating that the self is experienced as a unity of mental and physical.

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

A philosopher stating that the self is an embodied subjectivity. .

Edmund Husserl & Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Who are the known contemporary philosophers that stand reside the idea of the mind and biology being synthesized together.

The self as a product of modern society among other constructions through interactions,

The view of ourselves comes from the contemplation of personal qualities and impressions of how others perceive us. (how we believe others see us).

Charles Horton Cooley

Who has constructed the "Looking Glass Self"

Technique used to enhance the individual's perception on self and others.

Symbolic Interactionism

A social theory implying that the self is created and developed through human interaction

A sociologist implying that the "self" is developed through interactions with other people.

According to George Mead, which aspect of the self-awareness is the socialized aspect of the person.

According to George Mead, which aspect of the self-awareness is the active aspect of the person.

According to George Mead, which factors influence the "Me" aspect of the person.

The self based on psychoanalytic approach and cognitive construction

Psychoanalytic Approach or Psychoanalysis

The self is multi-tiered/layered.

A layer from Psychoanalysis denoting the thoughts and feelings that we are completely aware of. You are aware of the emotion and the cause of its triggers. (TP - Thoughts, Perceptions)

A layer from Psychoanalysis denoting that experiences are unconscious but could become conscious with little effort (MS - Memories and Stored Knowledge)

A layer from Psychoanalysis containing all drives, urges or instincts that are beyond our awareness but motivate our feelings, thoughts and behavior

FUVSISI (Fear-Unacceptable Sexual Desires- Violent Motives- Selfish Needs-Immoral Urges-Shameful Experiences-Irrational Wishes).

What resides beside the unconscious level of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis?

What are the structures of the self according to Sigmund Freud?

This is also known as the Biological Self for it is the natural part of the self emphasizing on the "Pleasure Principle" rather labelled as the Animalistic nature of man.

Also known as the "Social Self" for it incorporates thoughts, decisions with one's values and morals with of society's. More so, these so-called values and morals are derived from, for instance: parents, student handbook, the constitution, etc.

The Idealistic Principle

What is the principle does the Super Ego hold onto?

This is known as the "Psychological Self" for it is in-contact with reality. The mediator/middle man of ones Ego and Super Ego by molding the irrationalness of these into something that answers the realistic demands of the word.

What happens when the Ego becomes weak or fails to balance the ID and the Super Ego?

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Term	Definition
Socrates, Plato, & Aristotle	Who are "The Ancient Triumvirate (1000 BC to 500AD)
Socrates	A philosopher that believes in a dualistic reality: Body & Soul. Specifically, the soul strives for wisdom and perfection and believes that the Body is temporary.
Plato	A philosopher that believes that the self is divided into 3 parts: Reason, Physical Appetite, & Spirit/Passion.
Physical Apettite	[RPS] A belief of Plato wherein the self comprise of basic human needs for survival (eating, drinking, sleeping, etc.).
Reason	[RPS] A belief of Plato wherein the self comprise of wisdom, logical reasoning.
Spirit/Passion	[RPS] A belief of Plato wherein the self has the capability of feeling emotion.
Aristotle	A philosopher that believes that the self like a tabula rasa (blank tablet) that is composed of matter and form.
Through experiences	How does Aristotelians view the completion of their process for transcendence.
Matter	According to Aristotle, which denotes what materials/human elements make up of the self.
Form	According to Aristotle, this is what determines the other due to its role for organization of such elements.
Stoicism, Hedonism, & Epicureanism	What are the three (3) Post-Aristotelians?
Stoicism	Embracing adversity by having apathy to pleasure. More so, it implies that challenges are sources for growth to be better.
Hedonism	Pleasure is the only good in life. On the other hand, pain is the only evil. Therefore, maximize happiness and minimize pain should be the life goal.
Epicureanism	Moderate pleasure. The middle of stoicism and hedonism. Contentment with whatever you have ensures that you will never be dissappointed.
Theo-centric	Within the Medieval Philosophy where there was an aim to merge philosophy and religion.
St. Augustine	He integrated the teachings of Plato's philosophies with Christianity. "The self strives to achieve union with God through faith and reason."
St. Thomas Aquinas	He says the self-knowledge is dependent on our experience of the word around us. "The things the we love tell us what we are."
St. Thomas Aquinas	He says the solely just experiencing something makes us an expert about it. It requires and extended effort of understanding with experience and reason. (same with the mind and self)
Modern Philosophy	Philosophy that occurred during 14th Century ti the early 20th Century.
Anthropocentric	The era where there developments of social, political, and intellectual, etc. that led to a rejection of medieval thinkers; excessive reliance on authority.
Rene Descartes	The self is a thinking thing, distinct from the body
John Locke	Personal Identity is made possible by the self-consciousness.
David Hume	There is no “self,” only a bundle of constantly changing perceptions passing through the theater of our minds
Immanuel Kant	The self is a unifying subject, an organizing consciousness that makes intelligible experience possible.
Gilbert Ryle	The self is the way people behave. How we act determines us.
Paul & Patricia Churchland	The self is the brain. Mental states will be superseded by brain states.
Edmund Husserl	A philosopher stating that the self is experienced as a unity of mental and physical.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty	A philosopher stating that the self is an embodied subjectivity. .
Edmund Husserl & Maurice Merleau-Ponty	Who are the known contemporary philosophers that stand reside the idea of the mind and biology being synthesized together.
Sociology	The self as a product of modern society among other constructions through interactions,
Looking Glass Self	The view of ourselves comes from the contemplation of personal qualities and impressions of how others perceive us. (how we believe others see us).
Charles Horton Cooley	Who has constructed the "Looking Glass Self"
Johari Window	Technique used to enhance the individual's perception on self and others.
Symbolic Interactionism	A social theory implying that the self is created and developed through human interaction
George Herbert Mead	A sociologist implying that the "self" is developed through interactions with other people.
The "Me"	According to George Mead, which aspect of the self-awareness is the socialized aspect of the person.
The "I"	According to George Mead, which aspect of the self-awareness is the active aspect of the person.
Generalized other	According to George Mead, which factors influence the "Me" aspect of the person.
Psychology	The self based on psychoanalytic approach and cognitive construction
Psychoanalytic Approach or Psychoanalysis	The self is multi-tiered/layered.
Sigmund Freud	Father of Psychoanalysis
Conscious	A layer from Psychoanalysis denoting the thoughts and feelings that we are completely aware of. You are aware of the emotion and the cause of its triggers. (TP - Thoughts, Perceptions)
Preconscious	A layer from Psychoanalysis denoting that experiences are unconscious but could become conscious with little effort (MS - Memories and Stored Knowledge)
Unconscious	A layer from Psychoanalysis containing all drives, urges or instincts that are beyond our awareness but motivate our feelings, thoughts and behavior
FUVSISI (Fear-Unacceptable Sexual Desires- Violent Motives- Selfish Needs-Immoral Urges-Shameful Experiences-Irrational Wishes).	What resides beside the unconscious level of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis?
ID, Superego, Ego	What are the structures of the self according to Sigmund Freud?
ID	This is also known as the Biological Self for it is the natural part of the self emphasizing on the "Pleasure Principle" rather labelled as the Animalistic nature of man.
SuperEgo	Also known as the "Social Self" for it incorporates thoughts, decisions with one's values and morals with of society's. More so, these so-called values and morals are derived from, for instance: parents, student handbook, the constitution, etc.
The Idealistic Principle	What is the principle does the Super Ego hold onto?
Ego	This is known as the "Psychological Self" for it is in-contact with reality. The mediator/middle man of ones Ego and Super Ego by molding the irrationalness of these into something that answers the realistic demands of the word.
Anxiety	What happens when the Ego becomes weak or fails to balance the ID and the Super Ego?
Sublimation	An Ego Defense Mechanism: Suppression (defeating) of unwanted impulses by substituting it with a creative cultural accomplishments. Example, pouring an emotion into an object or expressing it in an act that is socially acceptable.
Displacement	An Ego Defense Mechanism: Redirection to unacceptable urges to less threatening people or objects.
Repression	An Ego Defense Mechanism: When the ego is threatened, it unconsciously forgets of block unpleasant feelings by vanishing a memory that triggers the unwanted emotion.
Regression	An Ego Defense Mechanism: The Ego reverting back to an earlier stage of age during times of stress or anxiety because such choosing such response make them feel safer.
Projection	An Ego Defense Mechanism: Attributing unwanted impulse to another person.
Imaginary Audience	An idea implying that adolescents are thought to believe that others a re alway watching and evaluating them, and that they are special ad unique.
Self-concept	It is the mental representation of what we look like, feel, behave, and roles we think should have.
Self-concept	a knowledge representation that contains knowledge about us, including our beliefs about our personality traits, physical characteristics, abilities, values, goals, and roles, as well as the knowledge that we exist as individuals
Self-Esteem	Used to describe a person's overall sense of self-worth or personal value and it tends to be stable and enduring. In other words, it refers to how much you appreciate and like yourself.
Carl Rogers	Who said that in order to achieve self-actualization, there should be a congruence with our real self and our ideal self? The smaller the overlap between the selves, the incongruence it gets, vice versa.
Leon Festinger	Who said that the self is defined by Social comparison?
Temporal Comparison	Considering your present condition in relation to how you were in the past.
Social Comparison	Evaluating yourself in comparison to others – using others as a basis for evaluating your attributes
Upward Social Comparison	Often focus on the desire to improve our current level of ability from inspirations from other people we believe better than us.
Downward Social Comparison	When we compare themselves to others who are worse off than ourselves. Often centered on making ourselves feel better about our abilities
Passive Downward Comparison	Making oneself feel better by comparing themselves to people who they think are worse than them.
Active Downward Comparison	Happens when a person compares himself/herself with others by demeaning or causing harm to them
Motivation	It is manifested by self-evaluation and self-enhancement.
Self-Evaluation (As a Motivating Factor)	occurs when someone looks for positive traits in himself/herself based on the best person he/she compares himself/herself with
Self-enhancement (As a Motivating Factor)	occurs when the person questions which aspects of himself/herself need to be improved to reach the level of goodness of the person he/she is comparing himself/herself with
Reference Group	any group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior.
Western Self	Autonomous and Egocentric
Non-western/Eastern Self	identity shared with others and derived from a culture instead of a “self”
Individualism	A human being has an individualistic nature and is an independent part of the universe and the society
Collectivism	A human being is an integral part of the universe and the society. Duty towards all others is a very important matter
Buddhism	The self is the source of all sufferings. It is our quest to forget about the self, forget the cravings of the self, break the attachments you have with the world, and to renounce the self in order to attain the state of Nirvana
Hinduism	Hindus believe that an individual’s action (karma) – the bad or good actions that the individual performed in a previous life determines his or her caste
Taoism	Self does not exist without the existence of the other. Self as a separate identity is supported by the equal and opposite sensation of otherness
Confucianism	Filial piety is a foundational concept in the thought of Confucius. It teaches how one should properly act according to their relationship with other people; focused on having a harmonious social life.
Physical Self	the concrete dimension, the tangible aspect of the person that can be directly observed and examined
Sigmund Freud	Who constructed the notion of self and personality making the physical body the core of human experience.
Oral Stage	[PSYCHO-PERSONALITY-STAGES] Birth-1.5 years
Anal Stage	[PSYCHO-PERSONALITY-STAGES] 1.5 - 3 years.
Phallic Stage	[PSYCHO-PERSONALITY-STAGES] 4 - 5 years
Latent Stage	[PSYCHO-PERSONALITY-STAGES] 5 years - puberty
Genital Stage	[PSYCHO-PERSONALITY-STAGES] puberty
Psychosexual Theory of Development	In the topic of the "Physical Self," what did Sigmund Freud offered?
Erik Erikson	Who constructed the 'Psychosocial Theory of Development.' ?
Psychosocial Theory of Development	the development of physical as well as intellectual skills help determine whether the individual will achieve a sense of competence and ability to choose demanding roles in a complex society.
Bryan Turner	Who constructed the 'Somatic Society' ?
Somatic Society	the sociology of the body revolving around the importance of the body in contemporary society
Body Shaming	Criticizing your own appearance, through a judgment or comparison to another person. Also criticizing another’s appearance in front of them, even without their knowledge.
Anorexia Nervosa	characterized by loss of body weight and refusal to eat. Appetite is usually intact.
Bulimia Nervosa	characterized by recurrent and frequent binge eating with or without vomiting
Body Dysmorphic Disorder	characterized by a distressing and impairing preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in appearance.
Sexual Self	Understanding one’s identity and sexuality
Autosomes	What are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes?
Sex Chromosome	What is the last pair of chromosome
Erogeneous Zones	where the libido is centered (libido = desire for intercourse). Also, these are parts of the body that are responsive to stimulation of sexual excitement.
Prefrontal cortex	What does lust shut off in the brain
The rational behavior	What does the prefrontal cortex functions as?
Hypothalamus	What regulates the function of the pituitary gland to secrete hormones?
Lust	[TE] Testosterone & Estrogen
Attraction	[DNS] Dopamine, Norepinephrine, & Serotonin
Attachment	[OV] Oxytocin & Vasopressin
Hypothalamus	Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating testosterones and estrogen. Also, it produces oxytocin.
Attachment	the predominant factor in long- term relationships.
Cuddle Hormones	What is Oxytocin also known as?
High levels of dopamine & Norepinephrine	What are increased by the hypothalamus after a person is attracted?
Decreased Appetite & Insomnia	What are the downside of overdosed feeling of Dopamine & Norepinephrine?
Sex	A person’s identity based on their physical characteristics, genes and hormones
Primary Sex Characteristics	sex characteristics are those that are developed and present at birth
Secondary Sex Characteristics	sex characteristics are those that develop as an organism enters puberty or sexual maturity.
Gender	the structure of social relations that centers on the reproductive arena, and the set of practices that bring reproductive distinctions into social processes.
Gender	Refers to the attitudes, feelings and behaviors that a given culture associates with a person's biological sex.
Gender-Normative	[GENDR] Behavior that is compatible with cultural expectations
Gender Non-conformity	[GENDR] Behaviors that are viewed as incompatible with these cultural expectations
Gender Identity	"Who you thin you are"
Gender Identity	How individuals perceive themselves and what they call themselves which can be the same or different from their sex assigned at birth
Cisgender	A person whose gender identity matches his or her assigned sex
Transgender	A person whose lived experiences do not match their assigned sex
Transwoman	Sex = male; identify as = a woman
Transman	Sex = female; identify as = a man
Gender Expression	"How you demonstrate who you are."
Gender Expression	Refers to the ways that humans choose to display their gender identity to the world usually expressed through: • behavior, • clothing, • haircut or voice
Sexual Orientation	"Who you are romantically and sexually into."
Sexual Orientation	about who you are physically, spiritually, and emotionally attracted to (specifically into sexual and romantic attraction), and the labels tend to describe the relationships between your gender and the gender types you’re attracted to.
Unitive & Procreative	Two primary purposes of sexual intercourse
Human Immunodeficiency Virus	What is HIV?
HIV	a virus that attacks the body's immune system that is transmitted through "UBPN"
Unprotected Sex, Blood Transfusion, Pregnancy, & Non-sterile Instruments	In what way is HIV transmitted UBPN
AIDS	What is the last stage of HIV infection?
CD4 Cells	What does HIV attacks that causes a depreciation in a body's immune system.
Chlamydia	a common STD that can cause infection among both men and women
Gonorrhea	a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by infection with the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium
Republic Act 8504	A Republic act that its function is to Public awareness of HIV/AIDS through comprehensive nationwide educational and information campaigns ▪ Full protection of human rights and civil liberties of every person suspected or known to have HIV/AIDS
Republic Act 11166	A law that attempts the discrepancies of RA 8504 by defining HIV and AIDS education as a right.
Abstinence	The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have intercourse.
Mutual Monogamy	Agreeing to be sexually active with only one person, who has agreed to be sexually active only with you.
Vaccination	A process that is Effective, and recommended ways to prevent hepatitis B and HPV.
Material/Economic Self	The self in association to his/her possesions.
William James	Who was known for constructing a Psychology book regarding the relationship of humans with their material things.
Bodily Self	refers to any part of our body. These entities are clearly an intimate part of who we are.
Extended Self	refers to anything that is beyond our body (Psychological ownership)
Materialism	The extent to which consumption becomes the primary source of satisfaction by becoming too attached to worldly possessions. More so, the individual consider it a dominant source of motivation. dominant mode of motivation.
Symbolic Communication Model	Possession help people define themselves by considering it a part of oneself.
Possessions Express One's Identity	What is the theme of the Symbolic Communication Model because material things are used to fill in or to compensate for the person lacks.
Conspicuous Consumption	Consumers own high-priced, status-oriented goods to impress others and to convince them of their high social status.
Bertrand Russell	Who said "It is the preoccupation with possessions, more than anything else, that prevents us from living freely and nobly.”
Spiritual Self	The practice of religion: belief in supernatural being and power
Religion	an organized system of ideas about the spiritual or supernatural realm, that is accompanied by rituals.
Spirituality	also concerns an aspect of the divine and supernatural but is often times limited to the individual, with no need for any formal organization.
Calendric & Based on Crisis	What are the two types of Rituals according to religions?
Spirituality	involves the recognition of a feeling, or sense, or belief that there is something greater than myself, something more to being human than sensory experience
Fowler	Who illustrated the well-known Stages of Faith Development for Adolescence?
Synthetic Conventional Stage	(Age 12 - up) conformity to authority and the religious development of a personal identity. Any conflicts with one's beliefs are ignored at this stage due to the fear of threat from inconsistencies.
Individuative-Reflective Stage	(Age 21 - up) stage of angst and struggle. The individual takes personal responsibility for his or her beliefs and feelings. As one is able to reflect on one's own beliefs, there is an openness to a new complexity of faith
Victor Frankl	Who invented the Logotheraphy?
Logotheraphy	It involves helping a person find personal meaning in life by proposing that it can be discovered in three distinct ways.
Creating Work, Experience/Encountering, & Suffering	What are the three distinct ways meaning in life can be found?
Political Self	an increasing awareness of the deeply dysfunctional and divisive nature of many of our traditional political and economic institutions.
Political Psychology	a thriving field of social scientific inquiry, with roots in political science and psychology and connections to a range of other social sciences
Political Psychology	an inherently interdisciplinary field of study that seeks to explain political phenomena with insights from psychology, political science, sociology, and related disciplines
Partisan Identification & Differing Political Ideologies	How do people have political differences?
Left - Liberalism	Concerned with social change and equality
Right - Conservatism	Concerned with Traditional morality and hierarchy
Percolation-up & Drip-down models	What are the two sources of political power?
Percolation-up model	[SourceOfPoliticalPower] It assumes that power rests with the citizens of a country. The citizens in turn elect leaders and give them political power to run the country on their behalf.
Drip-down model	Ultimate power doesn’t rest with the citizens but with the leadership of a country.
Biological	[POLITICAL POWER- B.P.C.R.I.C.] it's human nature to form social groups with dominant hierarchies
Psychological	[POLITICAL POWER- B.P.C.R.I.C.] It shows how human behave in various situations, asserts that behaviors are innate.
Cultural	[POLITICAL POWER- B.P.C.R.I.C.] Argues that much human behavior is learned, derived from norms.
Rational	[POLITICAL POWER- B.P.C.R.I.C.] people form governments because it is the right thing to do for it help us to survive.
Irrational	[POLITICAL POWER- B.P.C.R.I.C.] Argues that people are emotional, moved by myth and stereotypes
Composite	[POLITICAL POWER- B.P.C.R.I.C.] Elements of all these explanations have some truth
Politics	refers to the actions or activities concerned with achieving and using power in a nation or society.
Political Culture	the pattern of individual attitudes and orientation towards politics among members of a political system.
Citizenship	the legal relationship between a person and a country.
Jus Sanguinis	the legal principle that, at birth, an individual acquires the nationality of his/her natural parent/s.
Law of Blood	Other term for Jus Sanguinis
Jus soli	the legal principle that a person’s nationality at birth is determined by the place. of birth.
Law of soil	Other term for Jus soli
Governance	defined as the traditions and institutions that determine how authority is exercised in a particular country.
Active Citizenship	Structured forms of engagement with political processes and everyday forms of participation in a society.
Nationalism, Respect for Human Rights, & Productivity	What are the three traits of an active citizen?
Digital Self	Self and identity in the cyberspace
Cyberpsychology	Branch of psychology that examines: ▪ how we interact with others using technology ▪ how our behavior is influenced by technology ▪ how technology can be developed to best suit our needs
Identity	development of one’s self-concept, including one’s thought and feelings about oneself
Online Anonymity	Gives people the chance to present any of these three selves and hence permits individuals to better present aspect of their true selves than they would feel capable of doing in a face-to-face interaction
Actual Self, Ought Self, & Ideal Self	What are the three selves in the online world?
Being Online	Information related to how we engage and exist online, it comprises three digital domains
Access and Inclusion, Learning and Creativity, & Media and Information Literacy.	What are the three digital domains of 'Being Online' ? [A.L.I.]
Well-being Online	Information related to how we feel online, comprising another three digital domains: ethics and empathy, health and well-being, and e-presence and communications
Rights Online	Information related to being accountable online, comprising the final four digital domains: active participation, rights and responsibilities, privacy and security and consumer awareness.
Fear of Missing Out (FOMO)	exists when an individual is anxious of being left out and feels the constant need to know what the others are doing
Screen Dependency	dependent, problematic behavior, including withdrawal symptoms, increasing tolerance (for screen use)
Internet Gaming Disorder	a pattern of excessive and prolonged Internet gaming that results in a cluster of cognitive and behavioral symptoms, including progressive loss of control over gaming, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms.

Created by: RamRamRam

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