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Exam part 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A common body position a phlebotomist may encounter when drawing blood, especially from an inpatient, is ____________, in which the patient is lying horizontal on the back with the face up. | Supine |
| The opposite position of supine is ____________, in which the patient is lying face down. | Prone |
| is a flat surface resulting from a real or imaginary cut through a body in the normal anatomic position. Areas of the body are often referred to according to their locations with respect to one of the following body planes: | Body plane |
| divides the body vertically into front and back portions. | Frontal (coronal) plane |
| divides the body vertically into equal right and left portions. | Midsagittal (medial) plane: |
| divides the body vertically into right and left portions. | Sagittal plane |
| divides the body horizontally into upper and lower portions. | Transverse |
| are divided into two groups, dorsal and ventral, according to their location within the body. | Body cavities |
| cavities are located in the back of the body and include the cranial cavity, which houses the brain, and the spinal cavity, which encases the spinal cord. | Dorsal |
| cavities are located in the front of the body and include the thoracic cavity, which primarily houses the heart and lungs; | Ventral |
| primarily houses the urinary bladder and reproductive organs. | Pelvic cavity |
| which primarily houses the heart and lungs | Thoracic |
| The human body constantly strives to maintain its internal environment in a state of equilibrium or balance. This balanced or “steady-state” condition is called | Homeostasis |
| is the sum of all the physical and chemical reactions necessary to sustain life. | Metabolism |
| is a destructive process by which complex substances are broken down into simple substances, usually with the release of energy | Catabolism |
| constructive process by which the body converts simple compounds into complex substances needed to carry out the cellular activities of the body. | Anabolism |
| Almost all cells, except mature red blood cells, have a | Nucleus |
| The chromosomes are long strands of ___ that are organized into segments called ___ | DNA, Genes |
| Humans have 23 identical pairs of (46 individual) chromosomes. A complete set of DNA containing all the genes of the 23 pairs of chromosomes is called the human | Genome |
| Connective tissue supports and connects all parts of the body and includes b | Adipose |
| structures composed of tissues that function together for a common purpose are? | Organs |
| are structures and organs that are related to one another and function together. | Body systems |
| The skin and accessory structures within it form the integumentary system | Integument |
| the largest organ of the body, is the cover that protects the body from bacterial invasion, dehydration, and the harmful rays of the sun. | Skin |
| T/F Exocrine glands contains hair and nails | True |
| is the outermost and thinnest layer of the skin. It is primarily made up of stratified (layered), squamous (flat, scalelike) epithelial cells. | Epidermis |
| Contains no blood or lymph vessels | Avascular |
| also called corium or true skin, is the inner layer of the skin. | Dermis |
| Elevation, and resulting depressions in the dermis where it joins the epidermis | Papillae |
| layer is composed of connective and adipose tissue that connects the skin to the surface muscles. | Subcutaneous |
| composed of all the bones and joints of the body, including the cartilage, and ligaments that connect them. | Skeletal system |
| Responsible for calcium storage | Hemopoiesis |
| Mature bones are called | Osteocytes |
| Colorless liquid | Synovial liquid |
| Joints that has a small sac nearby | Bursa |
| composed of the brain, spinal cord, and all the nerves throughout the body | The NS |
| The fundamental unit of the nervous system is the | NEURON |
| highly complex cells capable of conducting messages in the form of impulses that enable the body to interact with its internal and external environment. | Neurons |
| cavity is completely enclosed and protected by three layers of connective tissue called the | Meninges |
| consists of all the nerves that connect the CNS to every part of the body. | PNS |
| consists of a group of ductless glands called | Endocrine glands |
| often called the master gland of this system because it secretes hormones that stimulate the other glands. | Pituitary gland |
| a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production when oxygen levels are low. | EPO |
| Secreting too much | Hypersecretion |
| Secreting too little | Hyposecretion |
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