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8 Chemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| matter | any substance that has mass and takes up space. |
| atom | the smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist. |
| element | A substance made up of only one type of atom. So far, 118 have been discovered. |
| compound | A substance made up of two or more types of atom bonded together. |
| periodic Table | A grid arrangement of all known chemical elements. |
| Lattice | A repeating arrangement of atoms in a solid |
| molecule | A group of atoms bonded together. |
| non-metal | An element that typically does not conduct heat or electricity. They are located in the top right corner of the periodic table. |
| metal | A shiny element that conducts heat and electricity. They occupy the entire periodic table except the top right corner. |
| pure substance | A single substance without anything mixed in. Elements and compounds are these. |
| mixture | A combination of substances that can be physically separated. |
| boiling point | The temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gas |
| melting point | The temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid |
| brittle | Easily broken. Many non-metal elements are this, breaking easily when hit. |
| chemical bond | An attractive force that holds two atoms together. These are broken or formed during chemical reactions. |
| group | A column in the periodic table. Elements in the same column have similar properties |
| malleable | Able to be hammered or pressed into shape without breaking |
| period | A row in the periodic table. Elements in the same row have different properties. |
| atomic number | The number by which elements are ordered in the periodic table |
| chemical formula | A symbol that shows the chemical composition of a substance |
| chemical reaction | The re-arrangement of atoms to form one or more new substances |
| chemical symbol | One or two letters used to represent an element |
| chemical change | A change in matter that forms one or more new substances New substances form when atoms are re-arranged. This type of change is often hard to reverse. |
| condensation | A physical change from a gas to a liquid |
| deposition | A physical change from a gas to a solid |
| dissolving | A physical change where a solid spreads through a liquid eg. When sugar is stirred into hot water |
| evaporation | A physical change from a liquid to a gas |
| gas | A substance with no fixed shape or volume Particles in this state move quickly and spread apart. |
| liquid | A substance with a fixed volume that flows and changes shape. Particles in this state stay close together but move around each other freely. |
| melting | A physical change from a solid to a liquid |
| physical change | A change in matter that does not form new substances. When you crush a can, it changes shape but is still the same substance. |
| solid | A substance with a fixed shape and volume Particles in this state vibrate but stay in fixed positions. |
| sublimation | A physical change from a solid to a gas |
| freezing | A physical change from a liquid to a solid |
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