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PH heredity Ch3
Chapter 3 Unit test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In Mendel’s experiments, what proportion of the plants in the F2 generation had a trait that had been absent in the F1 generation? | 1/4 |
| What did Gregor Mendel do to study different characteristics in his genetics experiments? | pea plants |
| Factors that control traits are called | genes |
| Scientists call an organism that has two different alleles for a trait a | hybrid |
| What does the notation TT mean to geneticists? | two dominant alleles |
| An organism’s physical appearance is its | phenotype |
| If a homozygous black guinea pig (BB) is crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig (bb), what is the probability that an offspring will have black fur? | 100% |
| An organism's genetic makeup is its | genotype |
| What does the notation Tt mean to geneticists? | One dominant and one recessive allele |
| What is probability? | a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur |
| What is the probability of producing a tall pea plant from a genetic cross between two hybrid tall pea plants? | 3 in 4 |
| What does a Punnett square show? | all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross |
| A purebred chicken with white feathers is crossed with a purebred chicken that has black feathers. Each of their offspring has both black and white feathers. Why does this happen? | The alleles for feather color are neither dominant nor recessive. |
| What is the chromosome theory of inheritance? | Genes are passed from parents to offspring on chromosomes. |
| Walter Sutton discovered that the sex cells of grasshoppers have | half the number of chromosomes found in body cells. |
| What happens during meiosis? | Chromosome pairs separate and are distributed into new sex cells. |
| When sex cells combine to produce offspring, each sex cell will contribute | half the number of chromosomes in body cells. |
| What determines the genetic code? | the order of nitrogen bases on a gene |
| The order of the bases along a gene determines the order in which | the order amino acids go to form a protein |
| What does messenger RNA do during protein synthesis? | copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm |
| What do transfer RNA molecules do during protein synthesis? | carry amino acids to the growing protein |
| What is a mutation? | any change in a gene or chromosome |
| A mutation is harmful to an organism if it | reduces its chances for survival |
| physical characteristics that are studied in genetics | traits |
| The different forms of a gene are called | alleles |
| Where does protein synthesis take place? | on the ribosomes |
| Which nitrogen base in RNA is NOT part of DNA? | Uracil |
| An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait is | homozygous |
Created by:
sventresca