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Unit 8 Gas Laws

Chemistry - 10th Grade

DefinitionTerm
At a constant temperature the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure Boyles Law
At a constant Pressure and amount of moles, the volume of a gas sample is directly proportional to the temperature in Kelvin Charles Law
Equal volumes of gas, at the same temp and pressure, contain the same number of particles or molecules Avogadro's Law
The state of an amount of gas is determined by its pressure, volume, and temperature thus PV = nRT P= pressure, V= volume, n= number of moles, R= is the gas constant, T= temperature in kelvins Ideal gas law
Idea gas law is favored at _______ temperatures and _______ pressures high and low
This law states that the total pressure exerted by gaseous mixture is equaled to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual component in a gas mixture Dalton's Law also called Dalton Law of partial pressures
Boyle's Law equation P₁V₁=P₂V₂ (n and T constant)
Charle's Law equation V₁T₂=V₂T₁ (n and P constant)
Avogadro's Law equation V₁n₂=V₂n₁ (P and T constant)
How does the kinetic molecular theory model explain the properties of gases? In gases, particles are spaced out and move around quickly, and so gases are compressible and expand to fill a container; Gas particles are in continuous, random motion.
What is the temperature of a gas in terms of motion of particles? The temperature of a gas is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in the gas
How does the kinetic molecular theory explain collisions between gas particles? No energy is lost from the collision but it can be transferred from particle to particle (elastic energy)
What is the behavior of a gas in terms of motion of particles? Gas particles move rapidly in random, straight-line motion until they collide with the sides of a container or each other
How do gases relate to the volume they occupy? The actual volume of all the particles present in a sample of gas is much less than the total volume they occupy
What kinetic molecular theory assumption is made about the attractions between gas particles? There are no attractive or repulsive forces between particles in a gas sample; Gas particles are in continuous, random motion.
Combined Laws equation P₁V₁T₂ = P₂V₂T₁
Ideal Gas Law PV=nRT
Definition of STP At atmospheric pressure, the volume of 1 mole of gas at 0 degrees Celsius is 22.4L
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures / Equation for total pressure of a mixture of gases P(total) = P₁ + P₂ + P₃ +...
According to the Ideal Gas Law how does the number of moles relate to the pressure of that gas? The number of moles is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas
How do Ideal Gases and Real Gases differentiate from each other? Ideal Gases are assumed to have no attractions between particles, whereas Real Gases have attractions due to van der Waals forces.
True or False - Water vapor is H₂O in gaseous form and its pressure is taken into consideration when performing calculations True
The combination of Boyle's Law and Charles' Law is known as the... Combined Gas Law
The Combined Gas Law Relates... temperature, pressure and volume into a single gas law
Effusion The escape of a gas particle through an orifice (opening) in the container
Diffusion The spreading of one substance through any one substance (examples - dye in water & smoke in air); Molecules move past another until the mixture is evenly concentrated
If you know pressure, volume, and temperature, you can calculate... the number of moles
The pressure of gas is due entirely to the... force of the collisions of the gas particles with the walls of the container (per kinetic molecular theory).
How do you convert from grams to moles? Divide by the molar mass. Moles = Grams (g) / Molar Mass (g/mol)
How do you convert from Celsius to Kelvin? Add 273
How do you convert from Kelvin to Celsius? Subtract 273
1 L equals how many mL? 1000 mL (KHD b dcm)
Created by: SaJohnson
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