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chapter 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. Someone celebrated their 60th birthday. She feels okay most of the day, when she gets out of bed her joints feel stiff. What is the likely cause of her stiffness? | Changes in collagen structure of the joint |
| 2. If a person is in a sitting position for 10 hours a day. This person never exercises and rarely gets up to move around after being seated. Their joints feel stiff and painful. On a physiological level, what has happened to cause these symptoms? | Lack of movement hinders blood from moving through the vessels of the synovial membrane, which starves the ligaments of nutrients and causes them to lose elasticity. |
| 3. Why does the hip joint have less freedom of movement than the shoulder joint? | the articulating parts of the hip are closer together than those of the shoulder. |
| 4. Suppose the pubic symphysis did not exist in the pelvic girdle and the two pubic bones were fused in the middle. Which of the following best describes the way the region would be affected if this joint was removed? | Childbirth would have a high mortality risk because the pelvic girdle would be rigid and unmoving. |
| 5. When you walk up the stairs, your hip and knee joints _______________ to lift your body weight. | extend |
| 6. What do sutures, gomphosis, and syndesmoses have in common? | These are all fibrous joints. |
| 7. A patient is experiencing joint inflammation and pain. They undergo an arthrocentesis and their physician discovers cloudy, pus-filled synovial fluid. Which of these conditions is most likely occurring? | osteoarthritis |
| 8. You turn your head to look at something over your shoulder. This is an example of _____________ of the head. | rotation |
| 9. The act of closing the fingers to make a fist is an example of what type of joint movement at the interphalangeal joints? | flexion |
| 10. An athlete, after years of pitching, requires surgery to repair his glenohumeral ligaments. Which joint has been injured? | shoulder |
| 11. A football player suffers from a partially torn anterior cruciate ligament. Which joint has been injured? | knee |
| 12.Joints are also called ______________. | articulations or arthroses |
| 13. Joints can be classified as synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, or diarthrotic. What characteristic was used to classify the joints? | the degree of movement possible at the joint |
| 14. A suture is an example of a ________________ joint. | fibrous |
| 15. Which of the following are examples of types of fibrous joints? | syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis joints. |
| 16. The degenerative joint disease osteoarthritis may develop as a result of damage to the ____________________. | articular cartilage |
| 17. What type of joint is immovable? | fibrous |
| 18. What is a sprain? | stretching or tearing of ligaments |
| 19. What is rheumatoid arthritis? | Inflammation of joint due to attack on synovial components by immune system |
| 20. Which of the following best describes the causes of common forms of arthritis? | Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis is caused by effects of aging. |
| 21. Which of the following is an infection? | Lyme disease |
| 22. Disuse of the joints ________________, which hastens stiffening. | hampers blood flow |
| 23. A movement that brings the foot closer to the shin is _________________ of the ankle joint. | dorsiflexion |
| 24. What is the effect of activity and exercise on joints? | It keeps joints functioning longer. |
| 25. Movement that brings the foot and toes farther from the shin is _______________ of the ankle joint. | plantar flexion |
| 26. What movements are permitted by the elbow joint located between the humerus and the ulna? | flexion and extension |
| 27. Displacement of a joint is called _________________. | dislocation |
| 28. The largest and most complex synovial joint is the _________________. | knee joint |
| 29. Which of the following correctly pairs a term with its definition? | abduction-lifting the arm horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body or moving a part away from the midline |
| 30. A muscle end attached to a less movable or relatively fixed part is called the _________________. | origin |
| 31. What is the function of a synchondrosis? | To allow for bone growth |
| 32. Which of the following is not a type of fibrous joint? | symphysis |
| 33. What does the synovial membrane secrete? | synovial fluid as a lubricant |
| 34. Bones of a synovial joint are held together by __________________. | joint capsule |
| 35. What is the source of oxygen and nutrients for articular cartilage? | surrounding synovial fluid |
| 36. What reinforces a joint capsule? | ligaments binding articular ends of bones together. |
| 37. Fluid-filled sacs containing synovial fluid are called _________________. | bursae |
| 38. Fibrocartilage discs that divide the joint into two compartments are called _________________. | menisci |
| 39. Which of the following is not a synovial joint? | suture joint |
| 40. In which of the following is rotational movement possible? | ball and socket joint |
| 41. Most of the joints between the short bones in the ankle and wrist are __________________ joints. | plane |
| Jamie Garrison Chapter 8 Key Concepts |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
garrisonjr84