1. Protect the body barrier against UV light, mechanical force, dehydration, microbes 2. insulates 3. special sensory receptors 4. heat regulation 5. synthesis of vitamin D 6. prevent excess water loss.

The skin is composed of three layers

1.Epidermis 2. Dermis 3. Hypodermis

stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium

The epidermis is made of 5 layers they are

1)Stratum corneum 2)Stratum lucidum 3)Stratum granulosum 4)Stratum spinosum 5)Stratum basalis

What make up the integumentary system

skin and its accessory structures which provides the body with overall protection.

The skin is made of multiple layers of ____ and ____ which are held to underlying structures by ____

Cells , tissues , connective tissues

The accessory structure of the skin are the

Hair Glands and Nail are found associated with the skin

The Hypodermis of composed mainly of ___

Loose connective and fatty tissues

The dermis is made up of or composed of

Dense , irregular connective tissue that houses the blood vessels , hair follicles , sweat gland and other structures

The epidermis is composed of ____

keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium.

Dose the epidermis have any blood vessels

No, it does not have any blood vessels within it

Mention the layers of cells in the thin skin from the deep to the superficial

stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

Function of the dermis

- Thermoregulation –Supply the avascular epidermis with nutrients - support and elasticity of the skin.

The dermis is composed of two layer

1. Papillary 2. Reticular layer

The dermis is also made up of

blood lymph vessels nerves sweat sebaceous glands and hair roots.

Function of the papillary layer of the dermis

a. Support the avascular epidermis with vital nutrients b. Provide a network for thermoregulation.

The dermis is composed of 3 major types of cells they are

1. Fibroblasts 2. Mast cells and 3. Adipocytes.

Function of the mast cell of the dermis

1. allergy and anaphylaxis 2. wound healing and defense against pathogens.

Function of fibroblast cell

Play crucial role in wound healing

The layer of the skin that contain fatty tissues which provides a cushion between the skin layers, muscles, and bones.

Hypodermis or subcutaneous tissue

Structure that connected to the skin are or the skin is composed of ( skin appendages )

1-Hair Follicles and hair 2-Sweat Glands Eccrine or merocrine sweat glands Apocrine sweat glands 3-Sebaceous glands 4- nail

Help

Options

Question

The exterior covering of the body is the

click to flip

focusNode

Didn't know it?
click below

Knew it?
click below

Don't know

Question

The skin weight about ___ in an average adult

Remaining cards (246)

Know

retry

shuffle

restart

0:00

Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

Normal Size Small Size show me how

Integumentary system

Med surg

Question	Answer
The exterior covering of the body is the	Skin
The skin weight about ___ in an average adult	4.5kg
The skin cover more than ___ square meter	1.95 sq meter
The largest organ system of the body Is the	Skin
Function of the skin	1. Protect the body barrier against UV light, mechanical force, dehydration, microbes 2. insulates 3. special sensory receptors 4. heat regulation 5. synthesis of vitamin D 6. prevent excess water loss.
Types of Skin	1. Thick skin 2. Thin skin
Type of skin that found at the sole of the feet and palm is the	Thick skin
Type of skin that found at rest of the body , and mostly hairy	Thin skin
The skin is composed of three layers	1.Epidermis 2. Dermis 3. Hypodermis
The most superficial layer of the skin Is the	Epidermis
Epidermis	stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium
The first barrier of protection from the invasion of foreign substances	Epidermis
The epidermis is made of 5 layers they are	1)Stratum corneum 2)Stratum lucidum 3)Stratum granulosum 4)Stratum spinosum 5)Stratum basalis
Which layer of the epidermis found in only thick skin	Stratum lucidum

cells of the epidermis that play a role in transmission of sensory messages( touch receptors)	Merkel cell
an insoluble, fibrous protein that forms the outer layer of skin	Keratin
repel pathogens and prevent excessive fluid loss from the body.	Keratin






What make up the integumentary system	skin and its accessory structures which provides the body with overall protection.
The skin is made of multiple layers of ____ and ____ which are held to underlying structures by ____	Cells , tissues , connective tissues
The most superficial layer of the skin is the ____ which is attached to the deeper ____	Epidermis , dermis
The accessory structure of the skin are the	Hair Glands and Nail are found associated with the skin
The layer of skin that well vascularized (has numerous blood vessels) and is superficial to the hypodermics. It also has numerous sensory, and autonomic and sympathetic nerve fibers ensuring communication to and from the brain.	Dermis
The skin is composed of two main layers	1. Epidermis 2. Dermis 3.
The layer of the skin that made up is closely packed epithelial cell is the	Epidermis
The layer of the skin that made of dense, irregular connective tissue that houses blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and other structures.	Dermis
Beneath the dermis lies the ____	Hypodermis
The Hypodermis of composed mainly of ___	Loose connective and fatty tissues
The epidermis is made up of	Epithelial cell
The dermis is made up of or composed of	Dense , irregular connective tissue that houses the blood vessels , hair follicles , sweat gland and other structures
The epidermis is composed of ____	keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium.
How many layers of epithelial cells does the epidermis made up of	Four or five epithelial cells
Dose the epidermis have any blood vessels	No, it does not have any blood vessels within it
Skin that has four layers of cells is referred to as	Thin skin
Mention the layers of cells in the thin skin from the deep to the superficial	stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.
The layer of the cells in the thick skin that located between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum is the ( which found at the palm and some of the feet )	Stratum lucidum
____ is cell that manufactures and stores the protein Keratin	Keratinocyte
A Connective tissue layer that contains blood vessels, nerves, sensory receptors, adnexal structures	Dermis
Function of the dermis	- Thermoregulation –Supply the avascular epidermis with nutrients - support and elasticity of the skin.
The dermis is composed of two layer	1. Papillary 2. Reticular layer
Layer of the dermis that lies directly beneath the epidermis and is composed of fibroblast cells capable of producing collagen, a component of connective tissue.	Papillary layer of the dermis
lies beneath the papillary layer and also produces collagen and elastic bundles.	Reticular
The dermis is also made up of	blood lymph vessels nerves sweat sebaceous glands and hair roots.
The dermis is refered to as the	True skin
Function of the papillary layer of the dermis	a. Support the avascular epidermis with vital nutrients b. Provide a network for thermoregulation.
Function of the reticular layer of the dermis
The dermis is composed of 3 major types of cells they are	1. Fibroblasts 2. Mast cells and 3. Adipocytes.
Function of the mast cell of the dermis	1. allergy and anaphylaxis 2. wound healing and defense against pathogens.
Function of fibroblast cell	Play crucial role in wound healing
The inner most layer of the skin is called the	Hypodermis
The layer of the skin that contain fatty tissues which provides a cushion between the skin layers, muscles, and bones.	Hypodermis or subcutaneous tissue
cell that synthesized the extracellular matrix and collagen and plays a critical role in wound healing.	Fibroblast
Structure that connected to the skin are or the skin is composed of ( skin appendages )	1-Hair Follicles and hair 2-Sweat Glands Eccrine or merocrine sweat glands Apocrine sweat glands 3-Sebaceous glands 4- nail
Hair are produce from	Produced by hair follicle which are made of hard keratinized epithelial cells
The strain of hair grow from the	Hair follicle
The hair is house by	Hair follicle
At the base of the hair follicle there is cluster of cells that help to nourish and support hair growth	Hair papilla
What give the hair it coloration	Melanin
Connecting the hair follicles to the wall of the skin is a smooth muscle called	Arrector pilli
Sweat glands are responsible for what	Sweat
The two types of sweat glands are	1. Accrine sweat gland 2. Apocrine gland
is the type of gland that produces a hypotonic sweat for Thermoregulation.	Accrine gland
Type of sweat gland that found all over the skin surface	Accrine sweat gland
Where does accrine gland located	most all over body (esp. abundant on palms & soles, forehead and axillae)
Apocrine glands are found in	armpits, genital
open into hair follicles and become active at puberty.	Apocrine gland
The cells in all of the lavers except the stratum basale are called	keratinocytes,
an intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness, strength, and water-resistant properties.	Keratin
Keratinocyte is made up of how many percent of epidermis cell	95%
The protein keratin is manufactured and store in the	Keratinocytes
What give nails, hair , skin hardens, strength and water resistance properties	The protein keratin
keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are ___	are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from the deeper layers
The epidermis is epithelium composed of how many layers of cells	multiple layers of cells.
The basal layer consists of ___ cells whereas the outer layers are ___ so the whole epithelium is often described as being ____	Cuboidal cells , Squamous keratinized cells , keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
The stratum basale is also called ____	stratum germinativum
the deepest epidermal layer that attaches the epidermis to the basal lamina, below which lie the layers of the dermis is the	Stratum basale
The cells in the stratum basale bond to the dermis via intertwining collagen fibers, referred to as the ____	Baseline membrane
A finger-like projection, or fold, that is found in the superficial portion of the dermis is called	Dermal papilla
Function of the dermal papillae	increase the strength of the connection between the epidermis and dermis; the greater the folding, the stronger the connections made
The epidermis of thick skin has five layers	stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum and stratum corneum.
The stratum basale has ____ layer of cells primarily made of basal cells.	Singles layers
the keratinocytes are produced from single layer of cells called	Stratum Basal
The stratum basale is a single layer of cells primarily made of	Basal cells
A cuboidal-shaped stem cell that is a precursor of the keratinocytes of the epidermis is	Basel cell
Two other cell types are found dispersed among the basal cells in the stratum basale are	1. Merkel cell 2. Melanocyte
Function of the Merkel cell	receptor and is responsible for stimulating sensory nerves that the brain perceives as touch.
Merkel cells are abundant on the	Surface of the hand and feet
Function of the melanocyte	produces the pigment melanin.( gives hair and skin its color, and also helps protect the DNA in the nuclei of living cells of the epidermis from ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage)
Function of the melanin	gives hair and skin its color, and also helps protect the DNA in the nuclei of living cells of the epidermis from ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage.
stratum spinosum is spiny in appearance due to the protruding cell processes that join the cells via a structure called a ____	Desmosome ( interlock with each other and strengthen the bond between the cells.)
The stratum spinosum is compose of eight to 10 layers of ___	Keratinocytes , form as a result of the cell division in the stratum basale
The keratinocytes of the the stratum spinosum layer is a types of dendritic cell called the	Langerhan cells
Function of the Langerhans cells	Microphase by engulfing bacteria , foreign particles , and damage cells that occur in this layer
The cells in the different layers of the epidermis originate from ___ located in the stratum basale,	Basal cells
The basale cells are located in the	Stratum basal
The keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum begin the synthesis of	Keratin
____ release a water-repelling glycolipid that helps prevent water loss from the body, making the skin relatively waterproof.	Keratin
The layer of the epidermis that has a grainy appearance due to the changes of the keratinocytes	Stratum granulosum
Which layer of the epidermis produce large amount of proteins keratin	Stratum granulosum
Layer of the epidermis that located above the stratum granulosum is	Stratum lucidum
Layer of the epidermis that located below the stratum corneum	Stratum lucidum
The stratum lucidum is found at the	Palm and some of the foot
The keratinocytes that compose the stratum lucidum are ____	are dead and flattened
The cells of the stratum lucidum are densely pack with	Eleiden
Eleiden are derived from	keratohyalin
Eleiden	clear protein rich in lipids , which gives these cells their transparent (i.e., lucid) appearance and provides a barrier to water.
the most superficial layer of the epidermis and is the layer exposed to the outside environment Is the	Stratum corneum
How many layers of cells in the stratum corneum	15 to 30 layers of cells
Function of the stratum corneum	helps prevent the penetration of microbes and the dehydration of underlying tissues, and provides a mechanical protection against abrasion for the more delicate, underlying layers.
Cells in the stratum corneum	shed periodically and are replaced by cells pushed up from the stratum granulosum (or stratum lucidum in the case of the palms and soles of feet).
The cell in the stratum corneum are anchored to each other by	Desmosomes
The entired layer of the stratum corneum is replaced during a period of about	4 weeks
The aim of the upper layer ( stratum corneum )	Is to keep the skin looking "fresh" and healthy.
A finger like or fold that increase the strength of the connection between the epidermis and dermis	Dermal Papilla
The deepest layer of the epidermis ( stratum basale ) consist of what types of cell	Cuboidal cell
What prevents water loss from the body	Keratin
the "core" of the integumentary system	Dermis
The dermis contain	contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands.
The cells of the epidermis recieved oxygen and nutrients from the	Capillaries in the dermis
The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue	1. Papillary layer and 2. Reticular layer
The superficial layer of the dermis is the	Papillary layer
superficial layer of the dermis projects into the ____ of the epidermis to form finger-like dermal papillae	Stratum basale
Within the papillary layer are ____ , a small number of fat cells (adipocytes), and an abundance of small blood vessels.	Fibroblast
papillary layer contains ___	phagocytes, defensive cells that help fight bacteria or other infections that have breached the skin.
The layer of the papillary also contains ______	lymphatic capillaries, nerve fibers, and touch receptors called the Meissner corpuscles.
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker under It ____	Reticular layer
The reticular layer composed of	dense irregular connective tissue
Elastin fibers provide ____	provide some elasticity to the skin, enabling movement.
The hypodermis is also called the _____	subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia
____ is a layer directly below the dermis and serves to connect the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) surrounding the muscles.	Hypodermis
The hypodermis consists of ___	vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and abundant adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for the integument.
What is the function of the hypodermis	Store fat and provide insulation and Cushing for the integument
A connective tissue wrapping that surrounds skeletal muscles anchoring them to surrounding tissues and investing groups of muscles.	Fascia
The color of the skin is influenced by pigment which are	1. Melanin 2. Carotene 3. Hemoglobin
Melanin is produce from a cell called	Melanocyte
coloration of the skin depends On	The amount of melanin produce by the melanocyte
Melanin occurs in two primary forms.	1. Eumelanin 2. pheomelanin
Eumelanin exists as ____	black and brown
pheomelanin provides a ___	pheomelanin provides a red color.
The melanocyte produce melanin in the	Stratum basale
Does dark skin individual produce more melanin than those with pale skin	Yes
The more sunlight, the more UV protection, but the compromise is that with increased melanin there is a ____	decrease in vitamin D produced.
how many days does it require melanin to peak up after initial sun exposure	10
Why is it that pale skin individual tend to suffer sunburn of the epidermis compare to dark skin	Cause dark skin more protected from their existing melanin than pale-skinned individuals.
Too much sun exposure can eventually lead to ___ due to the destruction of the cellular structure of the skin, and in severe cases, can cause sufficient ___	Wrinkle , sufficient DNA to result in skin cancer
When there is an irregular accumulation of melanocytes in the skin, ____	Freckles appear
total lack of melanin is caused by the genetic disorder called	Albinism
routine integumentary assessment by a registered nurse in an inpatient care setting typically includes	inspecting overall skin color inspecting for skin lesions and wounds and palpating extremities for
The integumentary system includes the	skin hair and nails.
The skin is made of multiple layers of ____ and _____, which are held to underlying structures by ___	Cells, tissues and connective tissues
The skin acts as a sense organ because ___	epidermis dermis and hypodermis contain specialized sensory nerve structures that detect touch, surface temperature, and pain.
The color of skin is created by pigment	melanin carotene and hemoglobin.
Melanin is produced by cells called	Melanocytes that are scattered throughout the epidermis.
When there is an irregular accumulation of melanocytes in the skin	Freckles appear
Exposure to the UV rays of the sun or a tanning bed causes additional melanin to be manufactured and built up, resulting in the	darkening of the skin referred to as a tan.
Darken of the skin is refered to as
Increased melanin accumulation protects ____	DNA of epidermal cells from UV ray damage
Symbol that use to detect early stage of melanoma	ABCDE Asymmetrical: The sides of the moles are not symmetrical • Borders: The edges of the mole are irregular in shape • Color: The color of the mole has various shades of brown or black • Diameter: The mole is larger than 6 mm
	• Evolving: The shape of the mole has changed
Melanoma
signs of melanoma when assessing a patient's skin	•Asymmetrical: The sides of the moles are not symmetrical • Borders: The edges of the mole are irregular in shape • Color: The color of the mole has various shades of brown or black • Diameter: The mole is larger than 6 mm. • Evolving: The shape of m
Hair is made of ____ that originate in the ____ in the dermis.	dead, keratinized cells , hair follicle in the dermis.
Hair is originated from	Hair follicles
Function of the hair	protection sensory input thermoregulation and communication.
Function of hair on the head protects the ___	The skull from sun
Function of Hair in the nose. ears, and around the eyes (eyelashes) defends the body by trapping any dust particles that may contain allergens and microbes.	defends the body by trapping any dust particles that may contain allergens and microbes.
Function of hair in eyelashes	prevents sweat and other particles from dripping into the eyes.
Each hair root is also connected to a smooth muscle called the ____	arrector pili
The two types of sweat glands are	1. Eccrine sweat gland and 2. Apocrine sweat gland
eccrine sweat gland produces ___	hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation.
Eccrine gland are found	all over the skin's surface, but are especially abundant on the palms of the hand, the soles of the feet, and the forehead.
Function of the eccrine gland	Eccrine glands are a primary component of thermoregulation and help to maintain homeostasis.
Apocrine sweat glands are mostly found in ____	hair follicles in densely hairy areas, such as the armpits and genital regions.
Medical term used in skin lesion
Abscess	localized collection of pus
Cyst	encapsulated sac filled with fluid, semi-solid matter, or gas, typically located just below the upper layers of skin
folliculitis	a localized rash due to inflammation of hair follicles
Crust	dried fluids from a lesion on the surface of the skin
Carbuncle	deep, pus-filled abscess generally formed from multiple furuncles
Wheal	swollen, inflamed skin that itches or burns, often from an allergic reaction
Vesicles	small, fluid-filled lesion, such as a herpes blister
Ulcer	break in the skin or open sore such as a venous ulcer
Suppurative	producing pus; purulent
pyoderma	any suppurative (pus-producing) infection of the skin
pustules	fluid- or pus-filled bumps on the skin, such as acne
purulent	pus-producing; also called suppurative
pseudocyst	lesion that resembles a cyst but with a less-defined boundary
papules	small raised bumps on the skin, such as a mosquito bite
Macules	smooth spots of discoloration on the skin
furuncle (boil)	pus-filled abscess due to infection of a hair follicle
Some common integumentary systems condition are	1. Acne 2. Lice and nit 3. Impetigo 4. Skin cancer 5. Melanoma 6. Burn 7. Lymphedema’s 8. Edema
The most common skin disturbances during puberty due to associated hormonal changes that stimulate the release of sebum	Acne
An overproduction and accumulation of sebum	Acne
when the skin is damaged by intense heat, radiation, electricity, or chemicals.	Burn
Burns are classified by the degree of their severity.	A. First class burn B. Second class burn C. Third class burn D. Fourth class burn
First class burn is also known as	Superficial burn
First class burn affect the	Epidermis
First degree burn heals	Within few days
A second degree burn is also referred	Particular thickness burn
Second degree burn affect	The epidermis and part of the dermis
Second degree burn heal within	Few weeks
A third degree burn is also refered to as	Full thickness burn
Third degree burn affect the	Epidermis and dermis destroying the tissue and affecting the nerve endings and sensory function.
A fourth degree burn is also referred to as	deep full thickness burn, it affect the underlying muscle and bone
Third- and fourth-degree burns are usually not as painful as second degree burns Why ?	because the nerve endings are damaged.
Full thickness burn required	debridement (removal of dead skin) followed by grafting of the skin from an unaffected part of the body or from skin grown in tissue culture.
Severe burns are quickly measured in emergency departments using a tool called the	The rules of nine
Estimation of the rules of nine the head total is	9% (4.5% on each side)
Estimation of the rule of nine the upper limbs	9% each (4.5% on each side)
The lower limb are	18% each (9% on each side)
The trunk is	36% (18% on each side)
A collagen-rich skin formed after the process of wound healing.	Scar
Keloid	A scar that occur after the wound has heal
The most common of all cancers that occur in the United States and is frequently found on areas most susceptible to long-term sun exposure	Basal cell carcinoma cancer
Formation of the basal cell carcinoma	patch, bump, growth, or scar on the skin surface.
Treat of basal cell carcinoma ( skin cancer. )	surgery, freezing (cryosurgery), and topical ointments.
Basal cell carcinoma start in the	Epidermis
A skin cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells in the epidermis.	Melanoma
Treatment of melanoma	surgical excision and immunotherapy.
a group of skin diseases caused by a fungus.	Tinae
Types of tinea include .	ringworm athlete's foot and jock itch.
Symptoms of tinae	Itching and burning
Mode of transmissions of tinae	Through touching infected people damp surfaces such as shower floors, or even from pets.-
Ringworm	(tinea corporis)
Scalp ringworm	tinea capitals)
Athlete's foot	(tinea pedis)
Jock itch	(tinea cruris)
Scalp ringworm (tinea capitals) causes	itchy, red patches on the head that can leave bald spots.
Athlete's foot (tinea pedis) causes	itching, burning, and cracked skin between the toes.
Jock itch (tinea cruris) causes	itchy, burning rash in the groin area.
Fungal infections are often treated successfully with	creams and powders, but some require prescription medicine such as nystatin.
a common skin infection caused by bacteria in children between the ages two and six.	Impetigo
Causative agent of impetigo	Staphvlococcus (staph) or Sireptococcus (strep) bacteria.
Impetigo often starts	when bacteria enter a break in the skin. cut. scratch, or insect bite.
Symptoms of impetigo	red or pimple-like sores surrounded by red skin. Pus
mode of transmission of impetigo	contact with sores or nasal discharge from an infected person and antibiotic
fluid accumulation within the tissues often caused by underlying cardiovascular or renal disease.	Edema
medical term for a type of swelling that occurs when lymph fluid builds up in the body's soft tissues due to damage to the lymph system.	Lymphedema
Causes of lymphedema	infection cancer scar tissue from radiation therapy surgical removal of lymph nodes or inherited conditions.
skin and sclera (whites of the eyes) to turn yellow.	Jaundice
Causes of jaundice	It cause by billuribin

Created by: Faith111

"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries: