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Integumentary System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| integumentary system | includes the skin (integument), the hair, the nails, the sweat glands (sudoriferous glands), and the oil-producing glands (sebaceous glands) |
| functions of the integumentary system | covers protects the body; help regulate the body's temperature; excretes some of the body's wast materials; participates in synthesis of vitamin D; includes the body's sensors for pain and sensation |
| adip/o | fatty |
| cutan/o | skin |
| dermat/o, derm/o | skin |
| hidr/o | sweat |
| ichthy/o | fish, scaly |
| kerat/o | horny tissue |
| lip/o | fatty |
| melan/o | black, very dark |
| myc/o | fungus |
| onych/o | nail |
| pil/o | hair |
| seb/o | sebum, sebaceous gland |
| steat/o | fat |
| trich/o | hair |
| xanth/o | yellow |
| xer/o | dry |
| integument | skin and all the elements that are contained within and arise from it; largest body organ |
| epidermis | outer portion of the skin containing several strata |
| dermis | layer of skin beneath the epidermis containing blood vessels, nerves, and some glands |
| subcutaneous layer | bottom layer of the skin containing fatty tissue |
| hypodermis | subcutaneous skin layer; layer below the dermis |
| outer strata | another name for the epidermis |
| stratum | layer of tissue, especially a layer of the skin |
| squamous epithelium | flat, scaly layer of cells that makes up the epidermis |
| stratified squamous epithelium | layers of epithelial cells that make of the strata of epithelium of the epidermis |
| stratum corneum | top sub-layer of the epidermis |
| keratin | hard, horny protein that forms nails and hair |
| stratum germinativum | bottom layer of the epidermis; new cells are produced here and pushed up to the stratum corneum |
| melanocytes | cell in the epidermis that produces melanin |
| melanin | pigment produced by melanocytes that determines skin, hair, and eye color |
| collagen | major protein substance that is tough and flexible and that forms connective tissue in the body |
| striae | stretch marks made in the collagen fibers of the dermis layer |
| adipose | fatty; relating to fat |
| hair shaft | portion of the hair visible above the skin surface |
| hair root | portion of the hair beneath the skin surface |
| hair follicle | tubelike sac in the dermis out of which the hair shaft develops |
| alopecia | lack of hair in spots; baldness |
| epilation | removal of hair by the roots |
| depilation | removal of hair by the roots |
| nails | thin layer of keratin that covers the distal portion of fingers and toes |
| lunula | half-moon-shaped area at the base of the nail plate |
| cuticle | thin band of epidermis that surrounds the edge of nails, except at the top |
| sweat gland | also called sudoriferous gland; coiled glands of the skin that secrete perspiration to regulate body temperature and excrete waste products |
| exocrine gland | any gland that releases substance through ducts to a specific location; glands that secrete through ducts toward the outside of the body |
| diaphoresis | excretion of fluid by the sweat glands; sweating |
| pores | opening or hole, particularly in the skin |
| eccrine glands | sweat glands that occur all over the body, except where the apocrine glands occur |
| ceruminous glands | glands that secrete a waxy substance on the surface of the ear |
| sebaceuos glands | glands in the dermis that open to hair follicles and secrete sebum |
| sebum | oily substance, usually secreted into the hair follicle |
| adiposis | excessive accumulation of fat |
| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin |
| dermabrasion | removal of wrinkles, scars, tattoos, and other marks by scraping with brushes or emery papers |
| hidrosis | production and excretion of sweat |
| ichthyosis | congenital skin disorder characterized by dryness and peeling |
| keratosis | lesion of the epidermis containing keratin |
| liposuction | removal of unwanted fat by suctioning through tubes placed under the skin |
| melanoma | malignancy arising from cells that form melanin |
| mycosis | condition caused by a fungus |
| onychotomy | incision into a nail |
| pilocystic | relating to a skin cyst with hair |
| seborrhea | overproduction of sebum by the sebaceous glands |
| steatitis | inflammation of fatty tissue |
| trichopathy | disease of hair |
| xanthoma | yellow growth or discoloration of the skin |
| xeroderma | excessive dryness of the skin |
| exudate | any fluid excreted out of tissue, especially fluid excreted out of an injury to the skin |
| patch test | test for allergic sensitivity in which a small dose of antigen is applied to the skin on a small piece of gauze |
| scratch test | test for allergic sensitivity in which a small amount of antigen is scratched onto the surface of the skin |
| intradermal | test that injects antigen or protein between layers of skin |
| Mantoux test | test for tuberculosis in which a small dose of tuberculin is injected intradermally with a syringe |
| purified protein derivative (PPD) test | diagnostic acid in the detection of tuberculosis |
| TB tine | screening test for tuberculosis in which a small dose of tuberculin is injected into a series of sites within a small space with a tine (instrument that punctures the surface of the skin |
| lesions | wound, damage, or injury to the skin |
| vascular lesions | lesion in a blood vessel that shows through the skin |
| macule | small, flat, noticeable colored spot on the skin |
| patch | small area of skin differing in color from the surrounding area |
| papule | solid elevation on the skin |
| nodule | small knob of tissue |
| plaque | small area of skin differing in color from the surrounding area; buildup of solid material, such as a fatty deposit, on the lining of an artery |
| polyp | bulging mass of tissue that projects outward from the skin surface |
| pediculated polyp | polyp that projects upward from a slender stalk |
| sessile polyp | polyp that projects upward from a broad base |
| tumor | any mass of tissue; swelling |
| wheal | itchy patch of raised skin |
| bulla | bubble-like blister on the surface of the skin |
| pustule | small elevation on the skin containing pus |
| vesicle | small, raised sac on the skin containing fluid |
| cyst | abnormal sac containing fluid |
| pilonidal cyst | cyst containing hair usually found at the lower end of the spinal column |
| sebaceous cyst | cyst containing yellow sebum |
| rubeola | disease that causes a viral skin rash, measles |
| rubella | disease that causes a viral skin rash; German measles |
| roseola | skin eruption of small, rosy patches, usually caused by a virus |
| vericella | contagious skin disease, usually during childhood, and often accompanied by the formation of pustules; chickenpox |
| impetigo | a type of pyoderma |
| pyoderma | any inflammation of the skin that produces pus |
| tinea | fungal infection; ringworm |
| ringworm | fungal infection; tinea |
| pruritus | itching |
| candidiasis | yeast fungus that causes common rashes such as diaper rash |
| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin |
| urticaria | group of reddish wheals, usually accompanied by pruritus and often caused by an allergy |
| hives | group of reddish wheals, usually accompanied by pruritus and often caused by an allergy |
| eczema | severe inflammatory condition of the skin, usually of unknown cause |
| ecchymosis (pl. ecchymoses) | purplish skin patch (bruise) caused by broken blood vessels beneath the surface |
| petechiae (sing. petechia) | a tiny hemorrhage beneath the surface of the skin; minute hemorrhages in the skin |
| purpura | skin condition with extensive hemorrhages underneath the skin covering a wide area |
| rosacea | vascular disease that causes blotchy, red patches on the skin, particularly on the nose and cheeks |
| furuncle | localized skin infection, usually in a hair follicle and containing pus; boil |
| carbuncle | infected area of the skin producing pus and usually accompanied by fever |
| abscess | localized collection of pus and other exudate; usually accompanied by swelling and redness |
| gangrene | death of an area of skin, usually caused by loss of blood supply to the area |
| herpes | an inflammatory skin disease caused by viruses of the family Herpesviridae |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 | herpes that recurs on the lips and around the area of the mouth, usually during viral illnesses or states of stress |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 (genital herpes) | herpes that recurs on the genitalia; can be easily transmitted from one person to another through sexual contact |
| herpes zoster | painful herpes that affects nerve roots; shingles |
| cold sore | eruption around the mouth or lips; herpes simplex virus type 1 |
| fever blister | eruption around the mouth or lips; herpes simplex virus type 1 |
| shingles | viral disease affecting peripheral nerves and caused by herpes zoster |
| wart | flesh-colored growth, sometimes caused by a virus |
| verruca (pl. verrucae) | flesh-colored growth, sometimes caused by a virus; wart |
| plantar wart | wart on the sole of the foot |
| cellulitis | severe inflammation of the dermis and subcutaneous portions of the skin, usually caused by an infection that enters the skin through an opening, as a wound; characterized by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling |
| acne (acne vulgaris) | inflammatory eruption of the skin; occurring in or near sebaceous glands on the face, neck, shoulders, or upper back |
| comedo (pl. comedos, comeodnes) (blackhead | open hair follicle filled with bacteria and sebum, common in acne |
| whiteheads | closed comedo that does not contain the dark bacteria present in blackheads |
| scleroderma | thickening of the skin caused by an increase in collagen formation |
| seborrhea | overproduction of sebum by the sebaceous glands |
| burn | damage to the skin caused by exposure to heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, or other skin irritants |
| first-degree burns | lease severe burn; causes injury to the surface of the skin without blistering |
| second-degree burns | moderately severe burn the affects the epidermis and dermis; usually involves blistering |
| third-degree burns | most severe type of burn; involves complete destruction of an area of skin |
| pediculosis | lice infestation |
| scabies | skin eruption caused by a mite burrowing into the skin |
| onychia; onychitis | inflammation of the nail |
| paronychia | inflammation, with pus, of the fold surrounding the nail plate |
| onychopathy | disease of the nail |
| neoplasms | abnormal tissue growth |
| callus | mass of the hard skin that forms as a cover over broken skin on certain areas of the body, especially the feet and hands |
| corn | growth of hard skin, usually on the toes |
| keratosis | lesion on the epidermis containing keratin |
| basal cell carcinoma | slow-growing cancer of basal cells of the epidermis, usually a result of sun damage |
| squamous cell carcinoma | cancer of the squamous epithelium |
| Kaposi sarcoma | after Moritx Kaposi; Hungarian dermatologist; skin cancer associated with AIDS |
| malignant melanoma | virulent skin cancer originating in the melanocytes, usually caused by overexposure to the sun |
| alopecia areata | loss of hair in patches |
| plastic surgery | repair or reconstruction (as of the skin) by means of surgery |
| skin graft autograft | skin graft using skin from one's own body |
| allograft; homograft | skin graft using donor skin from one person to another |
| heterograft; xenograft | skin graft using donor skin from one species to another |
| cryosurgery | surgery that removes tissue by freezing it with liquid nitrogen; removal or destruction of tissue using cold temperatures |
| debridement | removal of dead tissue from a wound |
| curettage | removal of tissue from an area, such as a wound, by scraping |
| cauterized | to apply heat to an area to cause coagulation and stop bleeding |
| fulguration | destruction of tissue using electric sparks |
| Mohs' surgery | removal of thin layers of malignant tissue until nonmalignant tissue is found |
| chemotherapy | treatment of cancer that uses chemicals to destroy malignant cells |
| radiation therapy | treatment of cancer that uses ionizing radiation to destroy malignant cells |
| ultraviolet light | artificial sunlight used to treat some skin lesions |
| antihistamines | agent that controls allergic reactions by blocking the effectiveness of histamines in the body |
| antiseptics | agent that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms |
| antipruritics | agent that controls itching |
| anesthetic | agent the relieves pain by blocking nerve sensations |
| topical anesthetic | anesthetic applied to the surface of the skin |
| emollients | agent that smooths or softens skin |
| astringents | agent that removes excess oils and impurities from the surface of the skin |
| keratolytics | agent that aids in the removal of warts and corns |
| alpha-hydroxy acids | agent added to cosmetics to improve the skin's appearance |
| antipruritics | may be used to control itching |
| BSA | body surface area |
| bx, BX, Bx | biopsy |
| Derm | dermatology |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus/disease |
| HSV | herpes simplex virus |
| I&D | incision and drainage |
| ID | infectious disease |
| oint | ointment |
| PPD | purified protein derivative - used in skin test for tuberculosis |
| staph | staphylococcus |
| STI | sexually transmitted infections |
| strep | streptococcus |
| TB | tuberculosis |
| exocoriation | injury to the surface of the skin caused by a scratch, abrasion, or burn usually accompanied by some oozing |
| decubitus | ulcer on skin over bony parts that are under constant pressure |
| keloid | thick scarring of the skin that forms after an injury |
Created by:
lydia werling