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APES Ch 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Industrial Agriculture/Agribusiness | Agriculture that applies the techniques of mechanization and standardization. |
| Energy subsidy | The fossil fuel energy and human energy input per calorie of food produced. (It may take 20kg of grain to make 1kg of beef) |
| Green Revolution | a large increase in crop production in developing countries achieved by the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yield crop varieties |
| Waterlogging | A form of soil degradation that occurs when soil remains under water for prolonged periods |
| Salinization | A form of soil degradation that occurs when the small amount of salts in irrigation water becomes highly concentrated on the soil surface through evaporation |
| Monocropping | the cultivation or growth of a single crop or organism especially on agricultural or forest land |
| Pesticide | A substance, either natural or synthetic, that kills or controls organisms that people consider pests |
| Insecticide | A pesticide that targets species of insects and other invertebrates that consume crops |
| Herbicide | A pesticide that targets plant species that compete with crops |
| Persistent pesticide | A pesticide that remains in the environment for a long time |
| Concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO) | A large indoor or outdoor structure designed for maximum output (Problems with waste disposal→ water and air pollution (eutrophication, smell)) |
| Fishery | A commercially harvestable population of fish within a particular ecological region |
| Fishery Collapse | The decline of a fish population by 90 percent or more because of overfishing |
| Aquaculture | Breeding, raising, and harvesting fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants. Basically, it's farming in water. |
| Bycatch | The unintentional catch of nontarget species while fishing. |
| Shifting agriculture | An agricultural method in which land is cleared and used for a few years until the soil is depleted of nutrients. |
| Desertification | The transformation of arable, productive land to desert or unproductive land due to climate change or destructive land use. |
| Sustainable agriculture | Agriculture that fulfills the need for food and fiber while enhancing the quality of the soil, minimizing the use of nonrenewable resources, and allowing economic viability for the farmer. |
| Intercropping | An agricultural method in which two or more crop species are planted in the same field at the same time to promote a synergistic interaction. |
| Crop rotation | An agricultural technique in which crop species in a field are rotated from season to season. |
| Agroforestry | An agricultural technique in which trees and vegetables are intercropped. |
| Contour plowing | An agricultural technique in which plowing and harvesting are done parallel to the topographic contours of the land. |
| Perennial plant | A plant that lives for multiple years. Need less tilling |
| annual plant | A plant that lives only one season. Requires more tilling |
| No-till agriculture | An agricultural method in which farmers do not turn the soil between seasons as a means of reducing topsoil erosion. |
| Integrated pest management | Agricultural practice that uses a variety of techniques designed to minimize pesticide inputs (Crop rotation, Intercropping, pest resistant crops (GM Crops), Creating habitats for predators, Limited use of pesticides/herbicides/fungicides) |
| Organic agriculture | Production of crops without the use of synthetic pesticides or fertilizers |
| Individual Transferable Quotas | A fishery management program in which individual fishers are given a total allowable catch of fish in a season that they can either catch or sell. |
Created by:
maddiehubbs