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Unit 8
Unit 8 - The Byzantine Empire
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Unit 8 - Lesson 28 | Feudalism and Manorialism |
| Question: What is the big idea behind the emergence of feudalism in Europe? | Answer: Feudalism, a system based on landholding and alliances, arose in response to the collapse of the Roman Empire, providing structure and protection during a period of chaos. |
| Question: How did feudal relationships shape forms of representative government today? | Answer: Feudal relationships, defined by rights and duties, laid the groundwork for governance structures. The exchange of protection for services influenced the development of representative government. |
| Question: What were the key characteristics and impacts of Viking invasions and exploration in Western Europe? | Answer: Vikings, fierce Germanic warriors, raided with large ships, reaching as far as North America. Over time, they transitioned from raiding to trading, farming, and exploration. |
| Question: How did invaders such as Magyars, Muslims, and Vikings contribute to disorder and suffering in medieval Europe? | Answer: Magyars and Muslims attacked from the east and south, while Vikings invaded from the north, causing widespread disorder and prompting reliance on local rulers and their armies for protection. |
| Question: What defined the social structure in feudal Europe, and how did feudalism depend on land control? | Answer: Feudalism structured society as a pyramid, with the king at the top, powerful lords and vassals below, followed by knights and landless peasants. Feudalism's foundation was the control of land, granted in exchange for services and protection. |
| Society in the Feudal Era | |
| Question: During the feudal era, why were knights considered crucial in medieval society? | Answer: Knights, supported by nobles, played a pivotal role as warriors in constant warfare. They received land as rewards, used wealth for weapons, and dedicated time to honing their fighting skills. |
| Question: What were the key stages in the process of attaining knighthood during the feudal era? | Answer: Knighthood involved a three-step process: Page (learning manners and fighting skills), Squire (training with armor and weapons), and finally, Knight (at age 21, passing physical and mental tests after 14 years of training). |
| Question: What values and responsibilities were expected of knights according to the code of chivalry? | Answer: The code of chivalry required knights to uphold values like bravery, honesty, respect, loyalty, and compassion. They were tasked with protecting the weak and poor and demonstrating courtesy towards women, fighting for their lord, God, and women. |
| Question: How did literature about knights during the feudal era differ from reality, and what themes were commonly portrayed? | Answer: Knightly literature often romanticized castle life and loyalty. Epics celebrated legendary kings, troubadours sang of romantic love's joys and sorrows, and stories glorified knights' dedication to the women they loved. |
| Question: What roles did women play in feudal society, and how did their positions differ between noble and peasant classes? | Women in feudal society played crucial roles. Noblewomen could rule in their husbands' absence but couldn't inherit the land. Peasant women, in the majority, worked in fields, cared for families, and faced difficult lives with little influence |
| The Byzantine Empire | |
| Question: What were Emperor Justinian's significant achievements during his rule? | Answer: Justinian's achievements include reconquering lands, rebuilding Constantinople (Hagia Sophia), and creating the Body of Civil Law. |
| Question: What factors contributed to the decline of the Byzantine Empire under Justinian? | Answer: The plague, constant attacks, and the Ottoman Empire's conquest in 1453 weakened the Byzantine Empire. |
| Question: What were the lasting contributions of the Byzantine Empire? | Answer: The Byzantine Empire left a legacy of passing on Greek and Roman knowledge, autocratic rule, and Eastern Orthodox Christianity. |
| Question: How did geography influence early Russia's development? | Answer: Russia's diverse geography shaped life, with forests in the north, fertile land in the south, and open steppe facilitating nomadic migration. |
| Question: What were the effects of Mongol rule on Russia? | Answer: Mongol rule led to destructive raids, but it also brought peace, allowed trade, and influenced the centralization of power in later Russian rulers. |
| Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms | |
| Question: What were the key achievements of Charlemagne's empire? | Answer: Charlemagne united Germanic kingdoms, expanded his empire through conquests, and played a pivotal role in the spread of Christianity. |
| Question: How did Charlemagne strengthen his rule and contribute to a cultural revival? | Answer: Charlemagne limited noble authority, governed through royal agents, promoted learning, and encouraged the development of schools and scholarship. |
| Question: What was the significance of the Treaty of Verdun in 843 AD? | Answer: The Treaty of Verdun divided Charlemagne's empire into three kingdoms, leading to a decline in central authority and the emergence of feudalism. |
| Question: How did Christianity spread during the time of Charlemagne? | Answer: Christianity spread through political alliances, missionary activities, and the conversion of Germanic peoples, contributing to the religious and cultural landscape of Europe. |
| Question: What were the foundational elements of the Middle Ages, shaping the development of Western Europe? | Answer: The Middle Ages had roots in classical heritage, Roman Catholic Church beliefs, and customs of Germanic tribes, forming the basis for the development of Western Europe and civilization. |
| The Power of the Church | |
| Question: Why was the Church the most dominant institution in the Middle Ages? | Answer: The Church held a monopoly on education, preserving Greek and Roman knowledge, interpreting the Bible, and guiding people in their pursuit of heaven. |
| Question: What role did the Church assign to women in Medieval society? | Answer: The Church taught that women were inferior, emphasizing their role as homemakers and caretakers, influencing societal perceptions during Medieval Times. |
| Question: Why did the Roman Catholic Church/Pope have more power than the King/Monarch in the Middle Ages? | Answer: The Church's education, control over spiritual matters, and the promise of reaching heaven gave it influence over the king and the people, leading to a power struggle. |
| Question: What was Lay Investiture, and how did kings and nobles attempt to influence the Church? | Answer: Lay Investiture was the appointment of church officials by kings and nobles. They sought to control church affairs, challenging the Church's authority in secular matters. |
| Question: What were the two harsh punishments imposed by the Church in Medieval society, and why were they considered severe? | Answer: Excommunication and Interdiction were punishments denying access to church, sacraments, proper burial, and entry into heaven. Preventing one's soul from reaching heaven was the gravest consequence in the Middle Ages. |
Created by:
ccimino