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G10 Physics terms
Review of terms for the Grade 10 (SNC2D) Optics unit
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Wavelength (λ) | Distance from crest to crest |
| Crest | Highest point on a wave |
| Trough | Lowest point on a wave |
| Amplitude | Height of a wave |
| Frequency (f) | How many waves pass a certain point in time. Measured in Hertz (Hz) |
| Hertz (Hz) | Unit of measurement of something per second. |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | Chart showing the different types of energy waves that travel through space |
| Visible spectrum | The light on the electromagnetic spectrum we are able to see. (700nm to 400nm wavelengths) |
| Light dispersion | When white light is broken up into many colours when it passes through a prism |
| Wave equation | Used to convert between wavelength and frequency (c = λf) |
| Speed of light (c) | 3 × 10^8 meters per second. It is constant. |
| Ray model of light | Light is represented as straight lines called rays |
| Transparent | Materials that mainly transmit light (let light pass through it) |
| Translucent | Materials that transmit some light (let some light pass through it) |
| Opaque | Materials that dont transmit light (dont let light pass through it) |
| ADDITIVE color theory of light | Adding (mixing) different color of light to can create different colors of light |
| SUBTRACTIVE color theory of light | Objects with color reflect light and absorb complementary light (Ex. An apple absorbs Cyan light but reflects Red light so it looks Red) |
| Complementary light | Light that is on the other side of the color wheel from another color (Ex. Yellow is complementary to Blue and vice-versa) |
| Scientific notation | A way of writing very large or small numbers. |
| Angle of incidence | The angle of incoming light to a surface |
| Angle of reflection | The angle of light after bouncing off a surface |
| Normal | Imaginary line which points perpendicular to (straight out from) a surface |
| Law of reflection | Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection. |
| Plane mirror | Flat shaped mirror. Object appears sane shape and behind the mirror. (Ex. Your bathroom mirror) |
| Concave / Converging MIRROR | Reflects lights towards a single point (focus point). (Ex. Telescopes) |
| Convex/ Diverging MIRROR | Reflects light away in a way that always makes a smaller, shrunk down virtual image |
| Image | A reproduction of an object using light |
| CHEMIluminescence | Light produced from a chemical reaction. This is done without an increase in temperature. (Ex. Glowstick) |
| BIOluminescence | Ability of a plant or animal to produce light. (Ex. Fireflies) |
| TRIBOluminescence | Crystals glow when crushed or rubbed together |
| ELECTROluminescence | When electricity is used to make light in light bulbs (Fluorescent, Incandescent, LED's, O-LED, Plasma TV Pixels, LCD) |
| The LOST acronym for Ray Diagrams | Location, Orientation, Size, Type |
| Virtual image | Opposite size as viewer (Left for lenses, Right for mirrors) |
| Real image | Same side as viewer (Right for lenses, Left for mirrors) |
| Center of curvature (C) | 2 times as far away as the Focal Point (F) |
| Focal point (F) | The distance from the Vertex to the point where all light passes through. It is positive when on the same side as viewer and negative on the other. |
| Distance of the object (do) | Distance of object from Vertex (V). Always positive. |
| Distance of the image (di) | DIstance of the Image from the Vertex (V). Negative when Virtual image. |
| Principle axis | Line that divides mirror/lens in half |
| Vertex (V) | Midpoint of mirror/lens |
| Magnified | Increase in image size |
| Reduced | Decrease in image size |
| Magnification formula | M = hi/ho = -(di)/do |
| Height of image (hi) | Distance from tip of Image to Principle axis. Negative when inverted |
| Height of image (ho) | Distance from tip of object to Principle axis. Always positive. |
| Thin lens equation/Mirror equation | (1/F) = (1/do) + (1/di) |
| Vacuum | Empty space. The fastest it can travel is c (3 × 10^8 meters per second) so c is also speed of light in a vacuum |
| Medium | Any material light can travel through |
| Refraction | When light seems to bend (change direction) and slow down in a medium |
| Index Of Refraction (IOR) | Shows how much light slows down in a medium |
| Index Of Refraction Formula (n) | n = c/v |
| Speed of light in a medium (v) | In a medium, light slows down so it is never faster than c. The denser the medium, the more light slows down. |
| Critical angle | The angle of incidence with 90° angle of refraction |
| Total internal reflection | When the angle of incidence > critical angle, light starts to reflect backwards instead of refracting |
| Optical nerve | Sends vision to brain and flips image upright |
| Vitreous gel | The gel in the middle of the eye |
| Iris | The colored tissue around the Pupil (This is why we have eye color). It shrinks or grows to let more or less light in |
| Cornea | Transparent curved refracting outer structure of the eye |
| Pupil | Hole in eye where light enters. Light enters upside-down. |
| Lens (eye) | Refracts incoming light onto Retina |
| Ciliary muscles | Pulls on Lens to focus light on Retina |
| Retina | Responds to light by sending nerve pulses (electrical signals) to the brain through the Optical nerve. Made of Cones and Rods |
| Cone cells | Detect light color in the eye |
| Rod cells | Detect brightness in the eye |
Created by:
SupreethG
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