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Unit 5 Chapter 29
Homework 92%
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is a function of the placenta? | The placenta allows the building blocks of proteins to diffuse from maternal to fetal blood. The placenta helps the fetus dispose of metabolic waste that would normally be excreted by its own kidneys. The placenta allows for gas exchange. |
| Which of the following statements is true regarding the fetal circulation? | The ductus arteriosus allows blood to bypass the lungs. The foramen ovale allows blood to bypass the lungs. The ductus venosus allows the blood to bypass the liver. The umbilical vein carries blood from the placenta to the fetal circulation. |
| Which of the following is a legitimate reason why a neonate's first few breaths are relatively difficult? | Stronger stimulation of the chemoreceptors is required in a newborn. Upon birth, the alveoli are collapsed, and the initial inflating requires a relatively large amount of force to generate the required pressure. |
| Which of the following can cause birth defects? | Radiation exposure Drinking one alcoholic beverage per day while pregnant Cigarette smoking Infectious disease Prescription medications |
| Which of the following is a benefit of regular exercise that may help slow the rate of senescence? | Increasing cardiac output Increasing muscle strength Increasing bone density Maintaining insulin sensitivity |
| Place each of the terms in the proper category to identify whether they arise from the ectoderm, mesoderm, or endoderm. | Check targets |
| When a sperm encounters an egg it undergoes an _______ reaction. | acrosomal |
| This reaction releases __________ from the acrosome of the sperm, which then digest a path through the granulosa cells and the __________ . | enzymes zona pellucida |
| After the sperm contacts the egg, the sperm _______ and midpiece enter the egg. | head |
| At this point, the ________ set of chromosomes from each gamete combine to produce a full _____ set. | haploid diploid |
| Finally the egg ______ all other sperm from entering, in order to prevent a triploid cell. | blocks |
| At _______ , extensions of the syncytiotrophoblast penetrate deep into the nourishing endometrium. These extensions are known as the _________ . | implantation chorionic villi |
| The placenta begins to develop approximately ______ days after conception. | 11 |
| The placenta becomes a dominant mode of nutrition at the begninning of week _______ . | 9 |
| By the end of week ______ , the placenta is the sole mode of nutrition until birth. | 12 |
| Blood flows between the fetus and the mother by way of _________ arteries and veins attached to the placenta. | umbilical |
| Bilirubin deposits in the epidermis and sclera | Liver |
| Inability to tolerate milk | Digestive system |
| Inability to regulate body temperature | Hypothalamus |
| Decrease in surfactant causes chronically collapsing alveoli, resulting in massive fatigue | Respiratory system |
| In ________ , a pair of chromosomes fails to separate. | nondisjunction |
| Both chromosomes will then be passed to the ______ cell. | daughter |
| When this occurs, one cell will receive ___________ chromosomes, and the other will receive 22. | 24 |
| The lack of a chromosome, leaving one without a match, is called _______ . | monosomy |
| The presence of one extra chromosome producing a triplet set is called _______ . | trisomy |
| Gray hair, absence of sebaceous glands, loss of elasticity | Integumentary system |
| Atrophy of fast-twitch fibers, loss of strength | Muscular system |
| Narrowing of cerebral gyri, widening of cerebral sulci, thinning of cortex | Nervous system |
| Osteopenia, decreasing trabecular patterns, loss of teeth | Skeletal system |
| Decreasing elasticy of lens, stiffness of tympanic membrane | Sense organs |
| Declining levels of growth and thyroid hormones | Endocrine system |
| Atherosclerosis, anemia | Cardiovascular system |
| Declining flexibility of the costal cartilage and thoracic cage joints, decreasing elasticity of pulmonary tissue | Respiratory system |
| Decreasing salivary and gastric secretions | Digestive system |
| Declining number of antigen-presenting cells, failure of lymphocytes to mature | Immune system |
| Decreasing number of nephrons and ability to maintain water balance | Urinary system |
| Declining testosterone levels, vaginal dryness, genital atrophy | Reproductive system |
| Which of the following results from the fertilization of an egg by more than one sperm? | Polyspermy |
| Which structure performs excretory, nutritional, endocrine, and immune functions for the fetus? | Placenta |
| During development, an individual is known as what from the beginning of the ninth week through birth? | Fetus |
| The degeneration that occurs in an organ system following a certain age is called _________blank. | senescence |
| What is a developing individual from the sixteenth day of gestation referred to as? | Embryo |
| The normal gestation period for a single (non-twin) infant is how many weeks? | 40 |
| What is an infant up to 6 weeks old called? | Neonate |
| During which trimester is the fetus at greatest risk? | The first trimester |
| During which trimester does the fetus gain the most weight? | The third trimester |
| In general, the chance that medical problems will occur is _________blank with a long gestation period and a high birth weight. | less likely |
| True or False: All ectopic pregnancies lead to death of the blastocyst. | True |
| True or False: Spanking a newborn is required to initiate the infant's first breaths. | False |
| True or False: The rate of senescence of different organ systems is relatively the same. | False |
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