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The male and female reproductive tracts are indistinguishable for how many weeks of development?
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The Blank______ of the ovary contains most of the large arteries and veins.
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Unit 5 Chapter 28
Smartbook- The Female Reproductive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The male and female reproductive tracts are indistinguishable for how many weeks of development? | First 8 to 10 weeks |
| The Blank______ of the ovary contains most of the large arteries and veins. | Medulla |
| The uterus, uterine tubes, and vagina are part of which of the following? | Internal female genitalia |
| What is the relationship between an ovum and a follicle? | A follicle surrounds an ovum. |
| What leads to the development of female (rather than male) reproductive structures during fetal development? | Absence of testosterone and MIF |
| What is the the suspensory ligament? | Attaches the ovary to the pelvic wall |
| Which female reproductive organ produces egg cells and sex hormones? | Ovary |
| Which term refers to the duct that extends from the ovary to the uterus and conveys an egg or conceptus to the uterus? | Uterine tube |
| Which term refers to the inner portion of the ovary that contains the large arteries and veins? | Medulla |
| Which term refers to the narrow region at the proximal end of the uterine tube? | Isthmus |
| Choose all the organs that are part of the internal female genitalia. | Ovaries Uterus Vagina Uterine tubes |
| Within the ovary, eggs develop within encircling structures called _________ | Follicles |
| Which part of the uterine tube is the longest? | Ampulla |
| The _______ ligament attaches the medial pole of the ovary to the uterus. | Ovarian |
| Fimbriae extend off of the Blank______ of the uterine tube. | infundibulum |
| The uterine tubes are also called Blank______. | oviducts or fallopian tubes |
| Which term refers to the fringe-like projections extending from the infundibulum of the uterine tube? | Fimbriae |
| The proximal end of the uterine tube becomes narrowed. This narrowed region is called the Blank______ of the uterine tube. | isthmus |
| Fundus | Broad superior curvature; the "top" of the uterus |
| Corpus | Main body of the uterus |
| Cervix | Cylindrical inferior end |
| Choose all the organs that are part of the external female genitalia. | Labia minora Clitoris |
| The __________ is the longest portion of the uterine tube. | Ampulla |
| The Blank______ os is the opening between the cervical canal and vagina. | external |
| At the distal end, the uterine tube flares into a trumpet-shaped structure called the __________. | Infundibulum |
| Which term refers to the lumen of the cervix? | Cervical canal |
| The inner most layer of the uterine wall is the Blank______. | endometrium |
| The Blank______ is the large muscular organ that opens into the roof of the vagina. | uterus |
| Which term refers to the muscular layer of the uterine wall? | Myometrium |
| The uterus, uterine tubes, and vagina are part of which of the following? | Internal female genitalia |
| The epithelium of the endometrium is Blank______. | simple columnar |
| The internal __________ is the opening between the cervical canal and the lumen of the uterus. | Os |
| The innermost layer of the endometrium that is shed during each menstrual period is the stratum ________ | Functionalis |
| Which term refers to the inferior cylindrical end of the uterus? | Cervix |
| True or False: The round ligament of the uterus passes through the inguinal canal. | True; The round ligaments runs from the anterior surface of the uterus through the inguinal canals to the labia majora. |
| Put the uterine wall layers in order, beginning with the outermost (most superficial) layer at the top. | 1. Perimetrium 2. Myometrium 3. Endometrium |
| Which is a pocket formed by peritoneum between the uterus and rectum? | Rectouterine pouch |
| The middle layer of the uterine wall is the Blank______. | myometrium |
| The muscular tube leading from the external genitals to the cervix is the __________ | Vagina |
| What are the layers of the endometrium? | Functional and basal layers |
| Together, the mesosalpinx and mesometrium comprise which ligament? | Broad ligament |
| The __________ is the erectile organ of the female genitalia. | Clitoris |
| Which is a pocket formed by peritoneum between the uterus and urinary bladder? | Vesicouterine pouch |
| The mound of glandular and adipose tissue overlying the pectoralis major that enlarges at puberty within a female is the | Breast |
| A blind pouch at the superior end of the vagina that extends beyond the cervix is called a(n) Blank______. | fornix |
| Rising levels of the hormone GnRH triggers the onset of Blank______, the transition that begins female reproductive life. | puberty |
| Which term refers to the superficial fat pad overlying the pubic symphysis? | Mons pubis |
| A midlife change in hormone secretion is called the _________. | Climacteric |
| Which term refers to the area enclosed by the labia? | Vestibule |
| Which term refers to the anterior-most aspect of the clitoris? | Glans |
| Which term refers specifically to the series of monthly changes that occur within the female uterus? | Menstrual cycle |
| The breast is a mound of adipose tissue located superficial to which muscle? | Pectoralis major |
| The production of the female haploid gamete is called Blank______. | Oogenesis |
| Which term refers to the series of physiological and anatomical changes that indicate the onset of a female's reproductive life? | Puberty |
| The term that refers to the changes a follicle goes through as an egg inside undergoes oogenesis is called | Folliculogenesis |
| Which term refers to a midlife change in hormone levels? | Climacteric |
| Ovulation is most directly due to a "spike" in levels of which hormone? | Luteinizing hormone |
| The series of monthly changes that occur within the female gonads are referred to as what? | Ovarian cycle |
| The first phase of the menstrual cycle is which of the following? | Proliferative |
| Oogenesis produces a Blank______ gamete by means of Blank______. | haploid, meiosis |
| The _______ phase of the menstrual cycle involves the rebuilding of the stratum functionalis of the endometrium via mitosis. | Proliferative |
| Which term refers to the development of the follicle that surrounds the egg as the egg undergoes oogenesis? | Folliculogenesis |
| What occurs during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle? | The endometrium thickens as the result of fluid accumulation. |
| Which factor is responsible for the onset of climacteric in women? | Number of follicles remaining |
| The last 2 days of the menstrual cycle are called the _______ phase. | Premenstrual |
| Place the events in the order they occur. Begin with FSH-induced follicular development at the top. | 1. FSH causes follicular development 2. Follicles release estrogen 3. Estrogen triggers the release of LH 4. LH triggers the ovulation |
| Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by discharge of fluid from the vagina, and also marks the first day of a new cycle? | Menstrual phase |
| Place the phases of the menstrual cycle in the order that they occur from day 1 to day 28 of the cycle. Note this may be different from the order in which they are described! Place the first phase at the top. | 1. Menstrual phase 2. Proliferative phase 3. Secretory phase 4. Premenstrual phase |
| The functional layer of the endometrium that was lost during menstruation is rebuilt in what phase of the menstrual cycle? | Proliferative phase |
| List in order the four phases of the female sexual response. Place the first phase at the top. | 1. Excitement 2. Plateau 3. Orgasm 4. Resolution |
| Day 15 to day 26 is what phase of the menstrual cycle? | Secretory phase |
| Vaginal transudate is produced by which of the following? | Vaginal walls |
| During the menstrual cycle, menstruation is most directly triggered by a drop in which hormone? | Progesterone |
| Which female glands secrete prostatic-like fluid during orgasm? | Paraurethral glands |
| The last phase of the menstrual cycle is which of the following? | Menstrual phase |
| Choose all of the uterine phases of the menstrual cycle. | Premenstrual phase Secretory phase Menstrual phase Proliferative phase |
| How long is gestation in humans? | About 266 days |
| Choose all the phases of the female sexual response. | Orgasm Plateau Excitement Resolution |
| Which term refers to the developing embryo along with all of its associated structures? | Conceptus |
| The serous fluid produced by the vaginal wall is called vaginal _______ | Transudate |
| During pregnancy, estrogen is secreted by which of the following? | Corpus luteum and placenta |
| The cervix plunges spasmodically into the vagina during which phase of female sexual response? | Orgasm |
| Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by discharge of fluid from the vagina, and also marks the first day of a new cycle? | Menstrual phase |
| How does pregnancy affect intestinal motility? | It reduces it. |
| The term gestation refers to which of the following? | Duration of pregnancy |
| What is parturition? | Process of childbirth |
| Choose all that make up the conceptus. | Embryo and placenta |
| The period immediately after parturition is referred to as the period and is critical for involution of the uterus and onset of breastfeeding. | postpartum, puerperium |
| An important source of estrogen during the first weeks of a pregnancy is the _________ luteum. | Corpus |
| __________ is the synthesis and ejection of milk from the mammary glands. | lactation |
| Sexual excitement and plateau often culminate in the intense sensation referred to as | Orgasm |
| Which hormone is primarily responsible for the growth of mammillary gland ducts during pregnancy? | Estrogen |
| During pregnancy, the enlarged uterus presses on the stomach causing the reflux of gastric juices into the esophagus (GERD). The common symptom caused by this is reflux is called ________ | Heartburn |
| How is colostrum different from breast milk? | It has lower fat content. |
| True labor contractions mark the beginning of the process of childbirth, referred to as ______________ | parturition |
| List in order the series of events leading to milk ejection. Begin with the suckling of the infant at the top. | 1. Infant suckling 2. Posterior pituitary releases oxytocin 3. Myoepithelial cells around acini stimulated 4. Milk enters lactiferous ducts |
| Which term is used for the first 6 weeks postpartum? | Puerperium |
| Choose all that are benefits of breastfeeding for the neonate, besides nutritional value. | Supply of antibodies Colonization of intestine with beneficial bacteria Laxative affect to remove meconium from intestinal tract Emotional bonding |
| Which term refers to both milk synthesis and milk ejection? | Lactation |
| Which is an effect of estrogen during pregnancy? | Growth and branching of the mammary gland ducts |
| _____________ is a mammary secretion that occurs in late pregnancy that is similar to breast milk but contains less fat. | colostrum |
| The flow of milk, also called milk Blank______, is controlled by a neuroendocrine reflex stimulated by the infant's sucking. | ejection |
| True or False: Cow's milk is nutritionally similar to human milk and is acceptable for neonatal digestion. | False |
| How much milk does a woman nursing one baby produce in a day? | About 1.5 L |
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