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Unit 5 Chapter 27
Smartbook- The Male Reproductive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Human offspring receive genes from two parents; this is called _________ inheritance. | biparental |
| A single-celled, fertilized egg is called a(n) | zygote |
| An ovum is a Blank______ gamete. | female |
| The primary sex organs of the female are the Blank______. | ovaries |
| Within the male reproductive system, a system of ducts, glands, and the penis are considered which of the following? | Secondary sex organs |
| Biparental inheritance is achieved when offspring receive genes from which of the following? | Both the egg and sperm |
| If an egg is fertilized with a Y-bearing sperm, it produces an XY zygote that is destined to become a Blank______. | male |
| The sex cells, sperm and eggs, are referred to as which of the following? | Gametes |
| Up to a point, a fetus is sexually undifferentiated, as it has both ________ ducts and paramesonephric ducts. | Mesonephric |
| A mature female gamete, an egg, is also known as a(n) Blank______. | ovum |
| The term used to describe male and female anatomical structures that derive from the same embryological structures is | homologous |
| The primary sex organs of the male are the Blank______. | testes |
| Where do both male and female gonads develop initially? | Near the kidneys; Initially, both male and female gonads develop near the kidneys before migrating into the pelvic cavity or scrotum. |
| In the male, choose all that are considered secondary sex organs. | Penis Glands that contribute to semen Ducts that convey sperm |
| The gubernaculum is a cord of what tissue type? | Connective |
| The sex of a child is determined by which of the following? | The sperm |
| Choose all that are true of the inguinal canal. | It is a path through the groin. It is created by the gubernaculum and the vaginal process. It is anterior to the pubic symphysis. |
| True or False: A four week old fetus has the potential to produce both male or female gonads. | True; Up to a point a fetus is sexually undifferentiated, as it has both mesonephric (wolffian) and paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts. |
| What is the region between the thighs bordered by the coccyx, pubic symphysis, and ischial tuberosities called? | Perineum |
| What does it mean if structures are homologous? | They are derived from the same embryological structure. |
| The pouch of skin, muscle, and fibrous connective tissue that contains the testes is the __________. | Scrotum |
| Both male and female gonads initially develop high in the ________ cavity. | abdominal |
| The perineal _____ is the external seam where the two halves of the scrotum are fused. | Raphe |
| The ____________ is a connective tissue cord that extends from the gonad to the floor of the abdominopelvic cavity during development. | Gubernaculum |
| The ductus deferens, cremaster muscle, pampiniform plexus, and testicular artery are located in the __________ cord. | Spermatic |
| Which normally pass through the inguinal canals? | Testes |
| The diamond shaped area between the thighs, bordered by the pubic symphysis, ischial tuberosities, and coccyx is the ______. | Perineum |
| True or False: The maximal sperm production occurs when the testicular temperature is 37 degrees Celsius (98.6 degrees Fahrenheit). | False; Sperm production stops at 37 degrees Celsius, as such the testes are maintained at 35 degrees Celsius. |
| Which structure divides the scrotum into right and left compartments? | Median septum |
| The internal median septum is externally marked by a seam on the scrotum called what? | Perineal raphe |
| In cold temperature, the cremaster muscle does what? | Contracts |
| The complex of veins within the spermatic cord is the Blank______. | pampiniform plexus |
| Choose all that the testes produce. | Sperm Testosterone |
| The ___________ canal allows the passage of the testes through the abdominal musculature during development. | Inguinal |
| What do interstitial cells produce? | Testosterone |
| Which is true of the scrotum? | It holds the testes at a temperature lower than normal body temperature. |
| What is the pouch of skin, muscle, and fibrous connective tissue that contains the testes? | Scrotum |
| In warm temperatures, the cremaster muscle Blank______ and the testes are suspended farther from the body. | relaxes |
| As sperm leave the seminiferous tubules, they pass through which structure on their way to the efferent ductules? | Rete testis |
| Each testis is classified as both an endocrine and exocrine gland. | True |
| The testicular artery is a branch of the Blank______. | abdominal aorta |
| What are the functions of nurse cells? | To provide nutrients to germ cells To provide growth factors to germ cells |
| Maximal sperm production occurs when the testes are at what temperature? | 35 degrees Celsius; Sperm production ceases at 37 degrees Celsius, as such the testes are maintained at 35 degrees Celsius. |
| The Blank______ are the site of sperm production. | seminiferous tubules |
| Which network within the testes receives sperm directly from the seminiferous tubules? | Rete testis |
| The muscular tube about 45 cm long that passes through the spermatic cord and into the pelvic cavity is the ___________- deferens. | Vas, or Ductus |
| Blood leaves the testis by way of the pampiniform plexus of veins which converge to form the ____________ vein. | Testicular |
| What are the three regions of the male urethra? | Spongy Prostatic Membranous |
| Which structure receives sperm from the efferent ductules and sends it on to the vas deferens? | Epididymis |
| Where are seminal vesicles located? | Posterior to urinary bladder |
| The ductus deferens is also known at the _________ deferens. | Vas |
| The male erectile organ that serves to deposit semen in the vagina is the ____________ | penis |
| What is a creamy secretion sometimes found accumulated beneath the prepuce called? | Smegma |
| The end of the ductus deferens widens into which of the following before merging with the duct of the seminal vesicle? | Ampulla |
| The corpus spongiosum passes along which side of the penis? | Ventral |
| Which is also known at the penile urethra? | Spongy urethra |
| A tissue that functions by swelling with blood is known as a(n) _________ tissue. | Erectile |
| The two Blank______ lie posterior to the bladder and produce a yellowish secretion that makes up about 60% of the semen. | seminal vesicles |
| Puberty in boys usually occurs around what age range? | 10 to 12 |
| The penis serves to deposit in the vagina. | semen |
| In the male, where is follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secreted? | Anterior pituitary gland |
| The foreskin of the penis is also known as the | prepuce |
| Which is the term for the process of sperm production. | Spermatogenesis |
| What is the erectile column of the penis that passes along the ventral side and encloses the penile urethra? | Corpus spongiosum |
| From which process(es) are genetically distinct daughter cells produced? | Meiosis |
| Choose the tissue that functions by swelling with blood, as is found in the penis and clitoris. | Erectile tissue |
| Which cell type has the most number of chromosomes? | Diploid cells |
| What are the first few years of adolescence called? | Puberty |
| FSH stimulates which cells of the testes to produce ABP? | Nurse cells |
| Where does spermatogenesis occur? | Seminiferous tubules |
| Crossing-over occurs between the: | chromatids of a homologous pair of chromosomes. |
| In mitosis each parent cell produces Blank______ daughter cells, while in meiosis, Blank______ gametes are produced. | 2, 4 |
| Which is the stem cell that directly produces spermatocytes? | Spermatogonium |
| While somatic cells are diploid, gametes are ______; they have one copy of each type of chromosome. | Haploid |
| What is the time period from the onset of gonadotropin secretion and reproductive development until a person attains full adult height called? | Adolescence |
| Secondary spermatocytes are which of the following? | Haploid |
| In the male, where is follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secreted? | Anterior pituitary gland |
| What is crossing-over? | Crossing-over describes the exchange of genetic material between paired homologous chromosomes. |
| One secondary spermatocyte gives rise to how many spermatids? | 2 |
| Stem cells in gonadal ridges that will become sperm cells are called | Spermatogonia |
| The process of sperm production is Blank______. | spermatogenesis |
| Which cell type has the most number of chromosomes? | Diploid cells |
| What is the term for a mature sperm cell? | Spermatozoon |
| Which cell undergoes meiosis I giving rise to two equal-size, haploid, and genetically-unique secondary spermatocytes? | Primary spermatocyte |
| The flagellar base body is found in which part of a sperm? | Head |
| The hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that enhances the production of androgen-binding proteins is Blank______. | FSH |
| The fluid expelled during male orgasm is called | semen |
| Each secondary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis II, giving rise to which of the following? | Spermatids |
| Typical semen has a sperm count of Blank______ million sperm/mL. | 50 to 120 |
| The transformation of a spermatid into a spermatozoon is called | Spermiogenesis |
| The four phases of intercourse are excitement, plateau, ________, and resolution. | Orgasm |
| A spermatozoon is a mature Blank______. | sperm cell |
| The head of a sperm is comprised of what three components? | Flagellar basal body Nucleus Acrosome |
| Which vessels drains blood from the penis? | Deep dorsal vein |
| Most semen is comprised of fluid from which of the following? | Seminal vesicles |
| What are four characteristics of the excitement phase of intercourse? | Vasocongestion Increased blood pressure Increased heart rate Myotonia |
| A sperm count lower than 20 to 25 million sperm/mL usually results in a condition called Blank______. | infertility |
| What are the two stages of ejaculation? | Expulsion Emission |
| What are the four phases of intercourse? | Orgasm Excitement Plateau Resolution |
| In men, resolution is followed by a _________ period, lasting anywhere from 10 minutes to a few hours, in which it is usually impossible to attain another erection and orgasm. | Refractory |
| What is the term for a mature sperm cell? | Spermatozoon |
| Which is a branch of the internal iliac artery and enters the root of the penis? | Internal pudendal artery |
| During the excitement phase of intercourse, what secretes a clear pre-ejaculate fluid? | Bulbourethral glands |
| Ejaculation occurs in two stages called emission and _________. | Expulsion |
| The period of time after male orgasm, when it is not possible to retain erection or to ejaculate, is known as the ___________ period. | Refractory |
| During the excitement phase of intercourse, what is it called when the genitals swell with blood? | Vasocongestion |
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