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Unit 4 Chapter 26
Homework
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Glycolysis begins with ___________ , a step that transfers an inorganic phosphate to glucose. | phosphorylation |
| The priming step rearranges __________ . | G6P |
| The cleavage step includes the _________ of fructose 1,6-diphosphate into two 3-C molecules. | lysis |
| In __________ , hydrogen atoms are removed from PGAL. | oxidation |
| Then, dephosphorylation removes ___________ groups. | phosphate |
| Inside the mitochondria, ___________ are passed down a transport chain. | electrons |
| Hydrogen atoms are split apart as they transfer from ___________ to the chain. | coenzymes |
| The ___________ are pumped from the intermembrane space. | proteins |
| Each electron carrier in the chain becomes ___________ when it receives an electron pair. | reduced |
| It is then oxidized again when it passes the electrons along to the next _________ . | carrier |
| The result is that __________ is liberated at each transfer. | energy |
| Glucose and _______ metabolism is crucial to the body. | glycogen |
| Anabolic reactions include __________ and gluconeogensis. | glycogenesis |
| In gluconeogensis, glucose is synthesized from ________ and amino acids. | glycerol |
| Glycolysis and glycogenolysis are _______ reactions. | catabolic |
| In glycolysis, glucose is split into two molecules of ________ to prepare for other processes. | pyruvate |
| Pyruvate can be used for anaerobic _________ or aerobic respiration. | fermentation |
| Heat ___________ from the body can happen via many different processes. | loss |
| When heat is transferred from the body to the air, it is called ______ . | conduction |
| Warm air will rise from the body by ________ . | convection |
| Evaporation can aid in _________ the body temperature via sweating. | lowering |
| All of these processes, in addition to ______ , aid in the removal of excess heat from the body. | thermoregulation |
| In order to use amino acids as fuel, ______ must occur. | deamination |
| This process results in the formation of a(n) _________ . | keto acid |
| Depending on which amino acid is involved, this can now be converted to __________ , acetyl-CoA, or an acid of the citric acid cycle. | pyruvate |
| Now, the former amino acid is ready to be converted to ________or enter the citric acid cycle for ATP formation. | glucose |
| In the liver, the _____ group is removed from glutamic acid. | amine |
| The –NH2 then becomes ________ by the addition of a hydrogen atom. | ammonia |
| The liver quickly combines the ammonia with carbon dioxide to form _______ . | urea |
| This nitrogenous waste is then excreted via _________ . | urine |
| The temperature of the ___________ rises to a point that is too high. | blood |
| This is detected by the preoptic area of the _______ . | hypothalamus |
| The hypothalamus activates ________ mechanisms. | heat loss |
| The simplest response is ______ of vessels in the skin. | vasodilation |
| This brings more blood to the ___________ and allows it to cool. | surface |
| The temperature of the ________ decreases below normal range. | blood |
| This is detected by the preoptic area of the __________ . | hypothalamus |
| The hypothalamus then activates ________ mechanisms. | heat-promoting |
| The simplest response is ____________ of blood vessels in the skin. | vasoconstriction |
| This keeps more blood in the __________ to conserve heat. | core |
| An ingested chemical that is used for growth, repair, or maintenance of the body is called a(n) _________blank. | nutrient |
| What is the term used to describe the amount of energy liberated in the body per unit of time? | Metabolic rate |
| In order to measure the basal metabolic rate, which of the following variables needs to be considered? Physical activity Thyroid function Time since last meal Mental state All of these factors need to be considered. | All of these factors need to be considered. |
| Which of the following statements is true regarding why hot, humid weather hinders temperature regulation? Assume that the environmental temperature is 98 degrees Farenheit. | The humidity decreases the ability to evaporate sweat off the body, and radiation adds heat to the body rather than allowing heat to leave the body. |
| A 78-year-old is found unconscious on the floor of their Philadelphia apartment in August. The temperature outside is 102 F, and the relative humidity is 94%. Their skin is hot and dry. Which of the following conditions are they most likely suffering from | Heat stroke |
| Which term refers to nutrients that the body needs but is incapable of synthesizing in adequate amounts? | Essential nutrients |
| Which of the following is considered the only nutritionally significant polysaccharide? | Starch |
| Which term refers to the synthesis of glycogen by polymerizing glucose? | Glycogenesis |
| Which brain region monitors and regulates body temperature? | Hypothalamus |
| Even though ammonia is very toxic to cells, it is a normal by-product of the deamination of an amino acid. | True |
| During exercise, skeletal muscles are responsible for about 30 to 40 times as much heat as the rest of the body. However, during rest, the heat from skeletal muscles is negligible. | True |
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