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%Unit 4 Chapter 25
Homework 100%
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following statements is/are true regarding mechanical and/or chemical digestion? | The muscular contractions of the stomach's muscularis layers contribute to mechanical digestion. The action of pepsin on proteins in the stomach is an example of chemical digestion. |
| Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the regulation of digestive secretions? | Pancreatic enzymes are under both neural and hormonal control. Via the vagus nerve, acetylcholine stimulates the pancreatic acini. |
| Which of the following is a method of motility in the small intestine? | Segmentation Peristalsis Migrating motor complex |
| Which of the following is a function of the bacterial flora? | Bacteria digest cellulose. Bacteria synthesize vitamin K. |
| The digestive process begins with the ______ of food. | ingestion |
| Starting in the mouth, the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food is referred to as _________ . | digestion |
| Once foods are broken down into chemical monomers, the digestive system moves nutrients from the GI tract into the cells of the body via ___________ . | absorption |
| Indigestible residues along with some of the non-reabsorbed secretions of digestive organs, undergo _______ where the fluids are removed and a remaining solid is created. | compaction |
| The final step requires _______ , where the fecal matter resulting from compaction is excreted from the body. | defecation |
| Secrete mucus and predominate in the cardiac part and pylorus | Mucous cells |
| Divide rapidly and provide a continuous supply of new cells | Regenerative cells |
| Secrete hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor, and ghrelin | Parietal cells |
| Secrete the digestive enzymes gastric lipase and pepsinogen | Chief cells |
| Secrete hormones and paracrine messengers | Enteroendocrine cells |
| A _________ is an inactive or pro-enzyme that is only activated after it has been secreted and had some of its amino acids cleaved. | zymogen |
| The chief cells of the stomach secrete _______ into the stomach lumen; which in the presence of HCl becomes _______ , the active form of the enzyme. | pepsinogen pepsin |
| The pancreas produces a number of zymogens that are released in the GI tract at the duodenum including procarboxypeptidase, ________ , and trypsinogen. | chymotrypsinogen |
| After contacting the intestinal enzyme enteropeptidase, _______ is converted into ________ . | trypsinogen trypsin |
| Trypsin then works on converting both chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase into ___________ and carboxypeptidase, respectively. | chymotrypsin |
| In the gastric gland, ______ cells secrete pepsinogen. | chief |
| In the gastric gland, parietal cells secrete ____ . | HCl |
| HCl will remove some amino acids from pepsinogen and convert it into ______ . | pepsin |
| Pepsin will then be used in a(n) ________ manner to aid in the conversion of more pepsinogen. | autocatalytic |
| The build up of pepsin will then digest ___________ . | proteins |
| When stimulated, the _______ will secrete trypsinogen. | pancreas |
| The duodenum, in turn, will secrete enteropeptidase, which will convert trypsinogen into ________ . | trypsin |
| Trypsin will digest dietary _________ and also catalyzes the conversion of more trypsinogen into trypsin. | proteins |
| Finally, trypsin will also activate two other pancreatic ________ , called chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase. | zymogens |
| Contractions of the small intestine have three functions: to mix chyme with digestive juices, to allow for _________ with the brush border, and to move contents toward the lumen of the ________ . | contact digestion large intestine |
| The process of ___________ consists of muscular contractions that knead and churn the contents. | segmentation |
| As segmentation decreases, _________ begins in the duodenum. | peristalsis |
| Successive peristaltic waves of contraction overlap with each other, creating the __________ . | migrating motor complex |
| The ___________ enhances segmentation in the ileum and relaxes the ____________ , allowing contents to enter the cecum. | gastroileal reflex ileal papilla |
| Hydrolyzes starch, but is deactivated in the stomach | Salivary amylase |
| Brush-border enzyme that breaks down oligosaccharides | Glucoamylase |
| Enzyme that breaks down DNA | Deoxyribonuclease |
| Enzyme secreted in the oral cavity that increases in activity upon contacting the HCl of the stomach | Lingual lipase |
| Brush-border enzyme that targets the release of glucose from maltose | Maltase |
| Enzyme that produces two free fatty acids and a monoglyceride | Pancreatic lipase |
| Enzyme that breaks down RNA | Ribonuclease |
| What is the straight muscular tube conveying food from pharynx to the stomach called? | Esophagus |
| The network of nerves that regulate digestive motility, secretion, and blood flow is called the _________blank plexus. | enteric |
| Which organ is located behind the greater curvature of the stomach and acts as both an endocrine and exocrine gland? | Pancreas |
| True or False: When two different people consume the same food, it is possible that one receives a different number of calories from that food because of differing bacterial populations in the large intestine. | True |
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Gluis5974