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Unit 2 Chapter 22
Homework
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alveolar gas exchange occurs in the ________ | lungs |
| This type of exchange is the opposite of ___ gas exchange. | systemic |
| As hemoglobin loads ___ , its affinity for H+ declines. | oxygen |
| Hydrogen ions then dissociate from the hemoglobin and bind with __ ions. | bicarbonate |
| The reaction of H+ and bicarbonate ions ____ the hydration reaction and generates free carbon dioxide. | reverses |
| _______ cancer accounts for more deaths than any other form of cancer. | Lung |
| Of the three forms of lung cancer, the most common is ___ carcinoma. | squamous-cell |
| In this type, ______ develop bleeding lesions as the dividing epithelial invade the bronchiole wall. | bronchi |
| A second form, adenocarcinoma, originates in the ________ glands of the lamina propria. | mucous |
| The least common, but most dangerous, is small-cell carcinoma, which easily and quickly ________ to other organs. | metastasizes |
| When the production of surfactant by ____ alveolar cells is insufficient, premature infants typically have trouble keeping their alveoli inflated. | type-II |
| Classified as simple squamous epithelial cells, the majority of the alveolar surface is covered by ___ alveolar cells. | type-I |
| Microscopic examination of lung tissue from a patient who died from bacterial pneumonia would reveal large numbers of _______. | macrophages |
| The layer of the respiratory membrane that is furthest away from the alveolar air spaces is the membrane of the ______ . | capillary endothelial cell |
| The _______ is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced expiration. | residual volume |
| The volume of air exchanged during normal breathing is called the ____________ | tidal volume |
| After a normal inspiration, the amount of air that can then be inspired forcefully is called the ________ . | inspiratory reserve volume |
| If you subtract the residual volume from the total lung capacity, you get the _______ . | vital capacity |
| The vital capacity minus the ______ equals the inspiratory capacity. | expiratory reserve volume |
| The effects of obstructive diseases such as asthma or emphysema may be determined by measuring the ____ . | forced expiratory volume |
| The _________ system provides for gaseous exchange between the environment and blood stream. | respiratory |
| As part of the _______ system, nose guard hairs reduce inhalation of other foreign matter. | integumentary |
| The ______ system provides rigidity to the thoracic cage for respiratory mechanics. | skeletal |
| The thoracic pump of the respiratory system promotes increased ______ venous return to the right side of the heart. | cardiovascular |
| The ________ system benefits from the thoracic pump by the promotion of lymph return. | lymphoid |
| Fecal elimination is promoted via use of the Valsalva maneuver, which is an example of ________ and respiratory interaction. | digestive |
| Which ring-shaped cartilage forms the inferior part of the voice box? | Cricoid cartilage |
| Which term refers to the double-walled serous membrane that encloses each lung? | Pleurae |
| Labored, gasping breathing | Dyspnea |
| Increased pulmonary ventilation | Hyperventilation |
| Rapid breathing induced by acidosis | Kussmaul Respiration |
| Temporary cessation of breathing | Apnea |
| Permanent cessation of breathing | Respiratory Arrest |
| Dyspnea when lying down | Orthopnea |
| Increased breathing in response to exercise | Hyperpnea |
| Reduced pulmonary ventilation | Hypoventilation |
| Accelerated respiration | Tachypnea |
| The amount of air inhaled and exhaled during quiet breathing | Tidal Volume (TV) |
| The amount of air that may be exhaled over the tidal volume | Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) |
| The amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced expiration. | Residual Volume (RV) |
| The amount of air that can be exhaled in a given time interval. | Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV) |
| Which two muscles (or muscle groups) are primarily responsible for resting (non-forced) inspiration? | Diaphragm Intercostals |
| Identify the forms in which carbon dioxide is transported in the blood. | Bicarbonate ion Dissolved gas Carbaminohemoglobin |
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