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SNC2D Chemistry
Review of the Chemistry unit for Grade 10 Academic science (SNC2D)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a physical change? | A change that changes the form or physical state (Ex. Ice melting to water or shattering glass). |
| What is a chemical change? | A change that produces a new product (Ex. Rusting metal or bread molding). |
| What is a QUALITATIVE physical property? | Something that describes appearance/quality. Doesn't use numbers. |
| What is a QUANTITATIVE physical property? | A characteristic that can be measured. Uses numbers. |
| What is a chemical property? | Something that describes what is happening during a chemical change. |
| 2 solutions were mixed into a beaker. The new liquid started to bubble and gas was produced. Is this a chemical or physical change and what properties can you use to explain why? | This is a chemical change because gas was produced and this is a chemical property. |
| Some droplets of febreeze were sprayed onto a desk only for it to evaporate just a few seconds later. Is this a chemical or physical change and what properties can you use to explain why? | This is a physical change because no new product was formed and the droplets of febreeze only changed physical state. The febreeze started as a liquid and then became a gas and this is a qualitative physical property (state of matter). |
| What are the 8 QUALITATIVE physical properties? | - States of matter (solid, liquid, gas...) - Colour - Odour (smell) - Clarity (opaque, translucent, transparent) - Luster (shiny or dull) - Texture (rough or smooth) - Malleability - Ductility |
| What are the 6 QUANTITATIVE physical properties? | - Hardness (Diamond is hardest natural mineral) - Viscosity (Honey is thicker than water) - Solubility - Conductivity (How easily electricity can flow through) - Melting / boiling point - Density (D=m/V) |
| What are the 5 chemical properties? | - Light or heat produced - Gas is produced (You will see bubbling) - Colour change - A precipitate is formed (tiny solid particles dont let you see through like Cclloids) - Irreversible (cant undo a reaction) |
| What is Matter? | Any substance with mass that takes up space |
| What is a Mixture? | When 2 or more different types of particles come together in no specific order/amount (2g salt + 2g water and 19g salt + 8g water are both still salt water) |
| What is a Pure Substance? | When 1 type of particle is made in a specific order/amount (CO2 is not the same as C2O4) |
| What is an element? | Made of 1 type of atom. Found on Periodic Table |
| What is a compound? | Made of 2 or more types of atoms. Ionic compounds and Molecular compounds. |
| What are the 7 diatomic elements | H2, O2, N2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. Exist naturally in pairs as a compound in nature |
| What is a heterogenous mixture? | Where nothing in the mixture dissolves in each other |
| What is a homogeneous (solution) mixture? | Where one part of the mixture dissolves into the other and they become 1. This makes all solutions transparent. |
| What is a colloid? How could you tell by looking at it? | A heterogeneous mixture where the particles are too tiny to be seen but don't dissolve in the solvent. Because of this they are often Opaque |
| What is a suspension? How could you tell by looking at it? | A heterogenous mixture where the particles can be seen but don't dissolve in the solvent, This makes these visibly separate from the liquid it floats in. |
| What is an ordinary mechanical mixture? | A heterogeneous mixture where particles are mixed but do not dissolve in each other whatsoever. |
| What kind of mixture is milk? Why? | A colloid. It's opaque which is a sign because the tiny solids in the milk are preventing light from going through it. |
| What kind of mixture is a Bowl of fruits? | Ordinary mechanical mixture |
| An atom is on Period 4. How many shells does it have? | 4 |
| An atom in in Group 7. How many valence electrons does it have? | 7 |
| An atom is in Group 3. How many electrons will it gain or lose to form an ion? | It will lose 3 electrons. |
| Ionic compounds are formed from what 2 kind of ions? | Cation and anion. |
| What is a cation? | An ion that has lost (wants to give away) electrons and so has a positive charge. |
| What is an anion? | An ion that has gained (wants to take) electrons and so has a negative charge. |
| How many electrons can go in the first shell of an atom? | 2 |
| How many electrons can go in the second, third, fourth, etc... shells of an atom? | 8 |
| What is the mass number of Carbon? | 12 |
| What is the atomic number of Lithium? | 3 |
| 1 atom of an elements has a mass number of 23. If it has 12 neutrons, how many protons must it have? What element is this atom? | It will have 23 -12 = 11 protons which means it is Sodium |
| What are the properties of an Alkali metal? | - All have 1 valence electron - Shiny and very reactive - Forms compounds that dissolve quickly in water |
| What are the properties of an Alkaline metal? | - All have 2 valence electrons - Shiny - A little less reactive than Alkalis. - Forms compounds that dont dissolve in water |
| What are the properties of a Halogen gas? | - Very reactive - Very poisonous |
| Does Ar have an ion. If it does, what is it's charge? | No because Ar is a noble gas (group 8 with full valance electron). It does not need any to lose or gain any electrons so it remains equal |
| What are the properties of a Noble gas? | - Doesn't react - All have full valence electron |
| How do we name Ionic Compounds that dont use a transition metal? | - Name the cation - Name the anion then change ending to "-ide" |
| How do we name Ionic Compounds that use a transition metal with many charges? | - Name the cation - Name the charge to be used in Roman Numerals - Name the anion then change ending to "-ide" |
| "IX" is what number? | 9 |
| "VIII" is what number? | 8 |
| "tetra" is what number? | 4 |
| "hepta" is what number? | 7 |
| "nona" is what number? | 9 |
| How do we name PN2? | Phosphorous dinitride |
| How do you reduce Mn2Cl4 and C2O6? | - Mn2Cl4 is ionic because the first name is a metal. This means it can reduce to Mc1Cl2 which is MnCL4 - C2O6 is a molecular compounds because the name starts with a non-metal? Never reduce for molecular compounds. Keep it as C2O6. |
| What is the oxidation number/charge of an oxygen ion? | 2- |
| What are the 3 subatomic particles? | Proton, neutron and electron. |
| What are the charges of a Proton, neutron and electron in that order? | Positive, neutral and negative. |
| How many shells does Li+ have? | Normal Li has 2 shells because it is on period 2. However, because it loses it's one valence electron to have a full shell, the old one disappears and it's next inner shell becomes the valence shell. |
| What is a polyatomic ion? | Molecules with a charge. Can be used to replace a normal cation or anion in an ionic compound. |
| Do metals form cations or anions? | Cations. |
| Do non-metals form cations or anions? | Anions. |
| What is a molecular compound | A compound formed by atoms sharing electrons to fill their valence shell. This bond between atoms is a "covalent bond" |
| What is an ionic compound? | Cations want to give electrons and Anions want to take them. Ionic compounds are formed between a cation that transfers it's electron permanently to an anion that needs it. This bond between the ions is an "ionic bond". |
| What is stronger? Ionic or covalent bonds? | Ionic bonds are stronger. Thus ionic bonds are harder to break and need more heat to melt vs covalent bonds |
| Name H2S (aq) | Hydrosulfuric acid |
| Name H2S | Hydrogen sulfide |
| Name SH2 | Sulfur dihydride |
| Name H2SO4 | Hydrogen sulfate |
| Name H2SO4 (aq) | Sulfuric acid |
| What do all binary acids (non-metal) start with? | "Hydro-" |
| What do all Oxyacids have in them? | A polyatomic ion |
| What 2 features must all acids have=? | - H in the front - (aq) state |
| Why do we Balance chemical reactions? | So that the number of each atom is the same on both sides |
| 2Na(SO4)2 has how many Oxygen atoms? | 4 * 2 * 2 = 16 atoms |
| 2Na(SO4)2 has how many Sulfur atoms? | 1 * 2 * 2 = 4 atoms |
| 2Na(SO4)2 has how many Sodium atoms? | 1 * 2 = 2 atoms |
| What polyatomic ion do all Bases end in? | Hydroxide: OH- |
| How do you name bases? | Exactly the same way as ionic compounds |
| What is the pH scale? | Tell you how acidic or basic something is |
| What is {H+] when doing pH calcualtions? | Hydrogen ion concentration |
| What is the formula for pH? | pH = -log[H+] |
| What is the formula for [H+]? | [H+] = 10 ^ (-pH) |
| A pH of 7 is... | Neutral |
| A pH greater than 7 is... | Basic |
| A pH less than 7 is... | Acidic |
| List some properties of acids | - Sour tasting - Dissolve in water - Conduct electricity |
| List some properties of bases | - Bitter tasting - Slippery |
| Acids turn litmus paper... | Red |
| Bases turn litmus paper... | Blue |
| What is another name for "base"? | Antacid (like anti-acid) |
| Universal indicator usually covers a range of ... to ... pH | 0 to 14 |
| WHen balancing chemical equations, always start with ... | The least occuring atoms. |
| What do we draw around the atom in a Bohr-Rutherford diagram to show it it an ion? | - The charge - The brackets |
| What are the 4 kinds of reactions? | 1. Synthesis (element or compound) 2. Decomposition 3. Combustion (complete or incomplete) 4. Displacement (single or double) |
| What does "incomplete" combustion mean? | That there is not a lot of O2 for the combustion. This will produce some side-products |
| What are products of a "complete" combustion? | H2O + CO2 |
| What are the products of an "incomplete" combustion? | H2O + CO2 + CO + C |
| How do you know when a combustion is "incomplete" combustion | - You see CO + C as a product - Or it says "low" underneath the O2 |
| What type of reaction is H2 + CL2 -> HCL | Elemental synthesis: 2 or more elements forming 1 compound product. Remember H2 and CL2 are diatomic. |
| What type of reaction is Na2O + H2O -> NaOH | Compound synthesis. Metal oxide (Na2O) and water (H2O) giving a base (with OH) |
| What type of reaction is CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3 | Compound synthesis. Non-metal oxide (CO2) and water (H2O) giving an acid (with a polyatomic ion in it) |
| What is a hydrocarbon | Anything with C or H in it |
| What type of reaction looks like Hydrocarbon + O2 | Combustion (complete or incomplete) |
| What type of reaction is Mg + ZnCl2 -> Zn + MgCl2 | Single displacement as one metal swapped into the compound and th eother swapped out |
| What type of reaction is Zn + MgCl2 -> Mg + ZnCl2 | No reaction occurs. Zinc is not reactive enough to displace magnesium. |
| Which questions require you to use a Metal Activity series to see if the swapping of metals can occur? | Single displacement |
| Which questions require you to look at the height in the Halogens group to see if the swapping of non-metals can occur? | Single displacement |
| What type of reaction is this Cl2 + NaBr -> Br2 + NaCl | Single displacement since Cl2 is higher on the the table (more reactive than) Br2. Not forgetting that Cl and Br are diatomic |
| What is the reaction where 2 compounds react and swap their succesfully | Double displacement |
| Name one of the 3 things you have to see in order for a double displacement reaction to actually work? | - At least 1 of the products is a molecular compound - or at least one of the products is a solid (precipitate) - or an acid is produced |
| What chart do we use to see if a precipitate will form or not? | Solubility table |
Created by:
SupreethG
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