A mood disorder that lasts for more than two years and is characterized by depressive symptoms, hypomanic symptoms, and impaired social functioning.

Persistent Depressive Disorder

A mood disorder that occurs almost every day and is characterized by: sadness, irritability, fatigue, indecisiveness, pessimism, dyssomnia, poor appetite or overeating, and low self-esteem.

A mood disorder that is characterized by a single or by recurrent manic episodes or hypomanic episodes.

A mood disorder that is characterized by one or more major depressive episodes and one or more hypomanic episodes.

Thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are unacceptable to the individual and, therefore, cause great internal conflict. Individuals with bulimia nervosa often experience this.

A condition in which there is greater than normal sensitivity/reactivity to sound. It results in the perception that the volume of sounds heard by the person is much greater than is actually the case. Depression is common with this.

One of the most frequently found characteristics of individuals who identify themselves as victims of childhood emotional abuse or neglect, refers to the difficulties individuals may have identifying and/or expressing their emotions.

Marasmus and Kwashiorkor are diseases caused by …..

Severe nutritional deficiencies. Most frequently occur in geographic/national regions in which there is extreme poverty, and/or in children whose previous breastfeeding regimen has been supplanted by a newborn sibling. Found in special needs adoptions.

A form of verbal behavior in which what is expressed is "around" the topic, but either never addresses the specific point or "wanders" through a great deal of irrelevant information first.

Schizoaffective Disorder

Uninterrupted, consistent period of illness during episode of major depression or mania. Change in mood includes symptoms of schizophrenia, & 1 month of delusions/hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized/catatonic behavior or negative sympt

Schizoaffective Disorder

Age of onset is young adulthood. Differs from schizophrenia because there is a drastic change in emotions. Symptoms of this disorder and schizophrenia must be present for at least one month

Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy

Focuses on encouraging a client to make note of what is an objective fact in their environment and what are inaccurate, negative, and self-limiting interpretations made of one’s own behavior/life.

When an individual experiences erotic pleasure by rubbing against or touching a nonconsenting person.

When an individual experiences erotic pleasure by watching unsuspecting individuals while they are undressed or engaged in sexual activities.

When an individual experiences an erotic attraction to an object or a body part, such as clothing or hair

Learned Helplessness Theory

Involves inescapable, unavoidable, aversive experiences which could not be influenced by the subject's behavior. Someone facing inescapable prejudice may develop this and depression as a result.

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Characterized by odd patterns of speech and behavior, a strange way(s) of dressing oneself, and a range of bizarre beliefs or magical thinking.

A mental disorder most characterized by the sufferer having physical symptoms that are actually experienced, but have no physical basis or explanation.

Age 6 to Puberty, and there are no fixations at this stage. (Freud) Little or no sexual motivation present

Birth to age 1. (Freud) Mouth (sucking or swallowing)

Age 1-3 years. (Freud) Anus (withholding or expelling feces)

Age 3 to age 6. (Freud) Penis or Clitoris (masturbation)

Lasts from adolescence to death. (Freud) Penis or Vagina (sexual intercourse)

Found in most kids prior to age range of 7-11 (when they begin to think abstractly). Frequently seen in people with head injuries or TBI. A kid, age 5 or 6, hasn't reached the stage to think abstractly, so their thought processes are governed by this.

An area of study that is focused on a wide variety of physical qualities of communication and human interaction, including such parameters as posture/body position, gestures, stance, and movement.

Social workers who are attempting to do resource assessment and linkage for those in need

Social workers who address the needs of larger groups, mediators help negotiate differences between parties

Social workers who step in to speak up on behalf of/for the rights of clients.

A type of behavior that effectively reduces the magnitude of a stress response, most often by finding a way to terminate contact with the stressor.

A defense mechanism when a person feels an urge to do or say something and then actually does or says something that is effectively the opposite of what they really want.

A defense mechanism in which a client consciously removes threatening thoughts from their awareness.

A defense mechanism where the person shifts actions from a desired target to a substitute target when there is some reason why the first target is not permitted or not available.

A defense mechanism in which anxiety is transformed into overt physical manifestations.

A sensory phenomenon that is characterized by experiences of a crossover between one sensory modality and another. People who experience synesthesia report things like seeing sounds and hearing colors. Can be the effect of hallucinogens.

Psychotherapeutic model with and therapeutic community experience (residential treatment). Encourages patients to take responsibility for themselves and for others,& programs are often based upon a hierarchy of collective consequences.

Zone of Proximal Development

Vygotsky's social development theory that emphasises importance of social interaction in cognitive development. An area between what a child knows and does not yet know. Where skills can eventually be mastered with guidance from a more experienced person.

Cognitive Development Theory

Piaget's theory that children learn by interacting with their environments.

The way that humans perceive and adapt to new information

Psychosocial Development

Erikson's theory were children must pass through a series of stages during development in order to become functioning human beings.

Mood reactivity, hypersomnia, increase in appetite, feelings of rejection, and/or a heavy feeling in the arms or legs.

Loss of pleasure in almost all activities or a lack of reactivity to usually pleasant stimuli. It could, in some cases, also show up in a decreased appetite and weight loss.

Involves a marked psychomotor disturbance involving extreme inactivity or excessive motor activity

Begin when a woman is pregnant or within 4 weeks of giving birth

In Vivo Desensitization

An exposure-based technique for the treatment of phobias, anxiety and fears that uses real life to slowly introduce the client to their phobia and desensitize them.

A method that involves demonstrating to an individual what behavior is to be acquired by the individual, who learns by imitation only.

Uses conditioning but focuses on creating a negative response to an undesirable stimulus, such as drinking alcohol or using drugs.

Systematic Desensitization

Involves multiple steps, which include muscle relaxation techniques, a ranked list of an individual's fears and then exposure to the fear. With each exposure, the behavior is reinforced with a reward, which could be a compliment, a gift or relaxation.

Troiden's Four-Stage Model

From 1989 is used by some social workers to describe the process of developing a homosexual identity.

Stage 1 of Troiden's Four-Stage Model

The "Sensitization" stage, which is when children begin to feel as if they are different than their same-sex peers, but do not quite understand why/how.

Stage 2 of Troiden's Four-Stage Model

Known as the "Identity Confusion" stage and occurs before puberty. Individuals in this stage notice they have begun to feel attracted to members of the same sex, but are very concerned about the stigma that surrounds homosexuality.

Stage 3 of Troiden's Four-Stage Model

The "Identity Assumption" stage, and this is when an individual begins to tolerate their sexual identity and explore aspects of it.

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ASWB LCSW

Term	Definition
Cyclothymic Disorder	A mood disorder that lasts for more than two years and is characterized by depressive symptoms, hypomanic symptoms, and impaired social functioning.
Persistent Depressive Disorder	A mood disorder that occurs almost every day and is characterized by: sadness, irritability, fatigue, indecisiveness, pessimism, dyssomnia, poor appetite or overeating, and low self-esteem.
Bipolar I Disorder	A mood disorder that is characterized by a single or by recurrent manic episodes or hypomanic episodes.
Bipolar II Disorder	A mood disorder that is characterized by one or more major depressive episodes and one or more hypomanic episodes.
Egodystonic	Thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are unacceptable to the individual and, therefore, cause great internal conflict. Individuals with bulimia nervosa often experience this.
Hyperacusia	A condition in which there is greater than normal sensitivity/reactivity to sound. It results in the perception that the volume of sounds heard by the person is much greater than is actually the case. Depression is common with this.
Alexithymia	One of the most frequently found characteristics of individuals who identify themselves as victims of childhood emotional abuse or neglect, refers to the difficulties individuals may have identifying and/or expressing their emotions.
Marasmus and Kwashiorkor are diseases caused by …..	Severe nutritional deficiencies. Most frequently occur in geographic/national regions in which there is extreme poverty, and/or in children whose previous breastfeeding regimen has been supplanted by a newborn sibling. Found in special needs adoptions.
Circumstantiality	A form of verbal behavior in which what is expressed is "around" the topic, but either never addresses the specific point or "wanders" through a great deal of irrelevant information first.
Schizoaffective Disorder	Uninterrupted, consistent period of illness during episode of major depression or mania. Change in mood includes symptoms of schizophrenia, & 1 month of delusions/hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized/catatonic behavior or negative sympt
Schizoaffective Disorder	Age of onset is young adulthood. Differs from schizophrenia because there is a drastic change in emotions. Symptoms of this disorder and schizophrenia must be present for at least one month
Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy	Focuses on encouraging a client to make note of what is an objective fact in their environment and what are inaccurate, negative, and self-limiting interpretations made of one’s own behavior/life.
Frotteurism	When an individual experiences erotic pleasure by rubbing against or touching a nonconsenting person.
Voyeurism	When an individual experiences erotic pleasure by watching unsuspecting individuals while they are undressed or engaged in sexual activities.
Fetishism	When an individual experiences an erotic attraction to an object or a body part, such as clothing or hair
Learned Helplessness Theory	Involves inescapable, unavoidable, aversive experiences which could not be influenced by the subject's behavior. Someone facing inescapable prejudice may develop this and depression as a result.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder	Characterized by odd patterns of speech and behavior, a strange way(s) of dressing oneself, and a range of bizarre beliefs or magical thinking.
Conversion Disorder	A mental disorder most characterized by the sufferer having physical symptoms that are actually experienced, but have no physical basis or explanation.
Latency Stage	Age 6 to Puberty, and there are no fixations at this stage. (Freud) Little or no sexual motivation present
Oral Stage	Birth to age 1. (Freud) Mouth (sucking or swallowing)
Anal Stage	Age 1-3 years. (Freud) Anus (withholding or expelling feces)
Phallic Stage	Age 3 to age 6. (Freud) Penis or Clitoris (masturbation)
Genital Stage	Lasts from adolescence to death. (Freud) Penis or Vagina (sexual intercourse)
Concrete Thinking	Found in most kids prior to age range of 7-11 (when they begin to think abstractly). Frequently seen in people with head injuries or TBI. A kid, age 5 or 6, hasn't reached the stage to think abstractly, so their thought processes are governed by this.
Kinesics	An area of study that is focused on a wide variety of physical qualities of communication and human interaction, including such parameters as posture/body position, gestures, stance, and movement.
Brokers	Social workers who are attempting to do resource assessment and linkage for those in need
Change Agents	Social workers who address the needs of larger groups, mediators help negotiate differences between parties
Advocates	Social workers who step in to speak up on behalf of/for the rights of clients.
Syntoxic	A type of behavior that effectively reduces the magnitude of a stress response, most often by finding a way to terminate contact with the stressor.
Reaction Formation	A defense mechanism when a person feels an urge to do or say something and then actually does or says something that is effectively the opposite of what they really want.
Suppression	A defense mechanism in which a client consciously removes threatening thoughts from their awareness.
Displacement	A defense mechanism where the person shifts actions from a desired target to a substitute target when there is some reason why the first target is not permitted or not available.
Conversion	A defense mechanism in which anxiety is transformed into overt physical manifestations.
Synesthesia	A sensory phenomenon that is characterized by experiences of a crossover between one sensory modality and another. People who experience synesthesia report things like seeing sounds and hearing colors. Can be the effect of hallucinogens.
Milieu Therapy	Psychotherapeutic model with and therapeutic community experience (residential treatment). Encourages patients to take responsibility for themselves and for others,& programs are often based upon a hierarchy of collective consequences.
Zone of Proximal Development	Vygotsky's social development theory that emphasises importance of social interaction in cognitive development. An area between what a child knows and does not yet know. Where skills can eventually be mastered with guidance from a more experienced person.
Cognitive Development Theory	Piaget's theory that children learn by interacting with their environments.
Assimilation	The way that humans perceive and adapt to new information
Psychosocial Development	Erikson's theory were children must pass through a series of stages during development in order to become functioning human beings.
Atypical Features	Mood reactivity, hypersomnia, increase in appetite, feelings of rejection, and/or a heavy feeling in the arms or legs.
Melancholic Features	Loss of pleasure in almost all activities or a lack of reactivity to usually pleasant stimuli. It could, in some cases, also show up in a decreased appetite and weight loss.
Catatonia	Involves a marked psychomotor disturbance involving extreme inactivity or excessive motor activity
Peripartum Symptoms	Begin when a woman is pregnant or within 4 weeks of giving birth
In Vivo Desensitization	An exposure-based technique for the treatment of phobias, anxiety and fears that uses real life to slowly introduce the client to their phobia and desensitize them.
Modeling	A method that involves demonstrating to an individual what behavior is to be acquired by the individual, who learns by imitation only.
Aversion Therapy	Uses conditioning but focuses on creating a negative response to an undesirable stimulus, such as drinking alcohol or using drugs.
Systematic Desensitization	Involves multiple steps, which include muscle relaxation techniques, a ranked list of an individual's fears and then exposure to the fear. With each exposure, the behavior is reinforced with a reward, which could be a compliment, a gift or relaxation.
Troiden's Four-Stage Model	From 1989 is used by some social workers to describe the process of developing a homosexual identity.
Stage 1 of Troiden's Four-Stage Model	The "Sensitization" stage, which is when children begin to feel as if they are different than their same-sex peers, but do not quite understand why/how.
Stage 2 of Troiden's Four-Stage Model	Known as the "Identity Confusion" stage and occurs before puberty. Individuals in this stage notice they have begun to feel attracted to members of the same sex, but are very concerned about the stigma that surrounds homosexuality.
Stage 3 of Troiden's Four-Stage Model	The "Identity Assumption" stage, and this is when an individual begins to tolerate their sexual identity and explore aspects of it.
Stage 4 of Troiden's Four-Stage Model	The "Commitment" stage, and this is where an individual fully adopts homosexuality as a way of life.
Pseudomutuality	Occurs when family members mask the dysfunctional dynamics that are threatening to the family. Ex. family members agree with each other constantly, but there is an underlying current of dissent and conflict that the family is trying to hide.
Detachment	When family members rarely, if ever, talk about their feelings with each other and often operate in their own spheres of existence instead of relying on other family members for feedback or emotional security
Enmeshment	When boundaries between family members are non-existent, and so family members lack autonomy
Codependency	When one or more people support or enable another's addiction or other dysfunctional behavior.
Parallel Process	A concept that originated in classical Freudian psychoanalytic practice in the form of a client's behaviors and characteristics becoming "mirrored" by the therapist or another person
Vicarious Trauma	An emotional impact experienced by social workers and therapists due to their treatment of trauma victims
Projective Identification	When aspects of self are separated and projected onto a person with whom the identifier has a close relationship
Interdisciplinary Collaboration	A complex phenomenon formed between two or more people from various professional fields to achieve common goals
Doxepin	A tricyclic antidepressant which is used to treat nocturia (bedwetting) in children
Desvenlafaxine and Duloxetine	Aelective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors that are used to treat depression, diabetic neuropathic pain, and generalized anxiety disorder.
Paradoxical Intervention	One of the most frequently employed techniques in couples'/family therapy in which behaviors assessed by the therapist as dysfunctional or nonproductive, are actually encouraged/promoted/prescribed by the therapist sometimes even seeming ridiculous
Trust versus Mistrust	First stage in Erikson's psychosocial theory of human development. This stage, which lasts from birth until about 18 months of age, children learn whether they can trust the world, and the child learns whether their caregivers can/will meet their needs.
Oral Stage	First stage of Freud's psychosexual theory of development where the infant learns whether their needs will be met through feeding.
Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)	Developed from the assumption that people have emotional disturbances due to how they construct views of reality through beliefs.
Object relations theory	Margaret Mahlet's theory that states that when the infant is detached and self-absorbed in the first few weeks of life, "normal autism" takes place.
The term “provisional” after a diagnosis	Allows the reader to understand that the diagnosis is a strong presumption, and that there is not enough information that was gathered to complete the criterion.
Emotional Lability	The tendency to fluctuate between moods quickly and without warning. This can be a symptom of some mental disorders, like bipolar disorder and some personality disorders. It forms part of a standard mental status examination.
Borderline Personalities	A diagnosis marked by impulsivity and instability in the realms of relationships, behaviors, and when it comes to self-image
Splitting	A defense mechanism in which the individual is unable to bring the positive and negative qualities of self and others into a realistic whole. Commonly found in BPD
Projection	A defense mechanism in which the individual denies certain undesirable characteristics in self and attributes them to others instead. Commonly found in BPD
Codependency	A type of relationship in which one person supports or enables another person's addiction or other maladaptive behavior. This is not restricted to significant others or family, and can be found in a wide variety of relationships.
the Preoperational stage	In Jean Piaget's model of human development, this is between the years 2 to 7. This stage is characterized by a movement toward more abstract thinking and a conception of time: past, present and future.
Effects of Heroin	euphoria, apathy, and a “rush.” An initial euphoric rush, Nausea and vomiting, Flushed skin, Severe itching, Heaviness of limbs, Clouded thinking, Small pupils, Watery eyes.
Heroin	A potent narcotic that is derived from morphine, where abusers either snort or inject it into their systems.
Repression	Defense mech that involves placing uncomfortable thoughts in inaccessible areas of the subconscious. So, when things occur that we can't cope with now, we push them away, either planning to deal with them at another time never. Common with schizotypal.
Reaction Formation	A defense mechanism that occurs when a person feels an urge to do or say something and then actually does or says something that is effectively the opposite of what they really want
Displacement	A defense mechanism where there is the shifting of actions from a desired target to a substitute target when there is some reason why the first target is not permitted or not available.
Depressants	Also called "downers," are substances that slow brain function and can cause dizziness, fatigue, sluggishness, and disorientation. Xanax & Klonipin are examples of this & are often overused and can cause serious complications if an overdose occurs.
Opioids	Substances that act on the nervous system to relieve pain
Inhalants	Toxic substances that can be inhaled, such as gasoline, glue, or paint thinner.
General Systems Theory	Theory where the central principle is the examination of homeostasis and mechanisms that affect it.
Suppression	Defense mechanism in which a client consciously removes threatening thoughts from their awareness
Delusions	Thoughts that one believes are accurate even though there is evidence against said beliefs. In this question, Geoffrey believes the sky is green, but you can clearly see that it is blue.
Delirium	A state of confusion that is also accompanied by hallucinations, delusions, emotional liabilities, and anxiety.
Dissociation	A defense mechanism in which clients have thoughts that are inappropriate to the current situation.
Dysphoria	A condition of general unhappiness or pervasive discomfort
Person-in-environment perspective	Stresses the belief that a person can't be understood apart from their environment. This allows SW to collect a lot of info from various contexts when assessing clients and gives a multifaceted perspective when understanding individuals' problems.
Internal Consistency Reliability	Deals with the consistency across items within a test.
Interobserver reliability	Interested in the different experiences of different testers or evaluators.
Test-retest reliability	Addresses the consistency of the test's results across time
Parallel forms reliability	Deals with the consistency of different inventories taken from the same content.
Ablutomania	obsession with washing hands
Erotomania	obsession with objects that lead to sexual desire
Factitious Disorder	Characterized by an exaggeration of physical symptoms, largely for interpersonal gain and sympathy associated with being sick.
Continuous Amnesia	When a client has the inability to remember personal experiences after a particular point in their life.
Localized Amnesia	When a client has the inability to remember something from a specific time period
Generalized Amnesia	When a client has the inability to remember any of their personal life experiences.
Ataxia	a neurological issue w/ involuntary muscle movements. Involves nervous system which coordinates movement (cerebellum). Affects body movements, speech, eye movements, eye hand coordination, ability to swallow, etc.
Schizophreniform Disorder	Sometimes be referred to as "short-form" Schizophrenia. While it has all of the clinical hallmarks of Schizophrenia, it does not last the full six months, which is required for the diagnosis.
Conduct disorder	Dx before adulthood with symptoms that violate social norms and rights of others. 3/15 symptoms such as aggression to animals and people, destruction of property, deceitfulness, theft, and serious violations of rules are necessary to diagnose.
Change Agents	Social workers who apply their expertise to the benefit of groups or organizations
Advocates	speak up for the rights of clients
Brokers	attempt to link resources to those in need
Mediators	help in dispute negotiation between two or more parties.
Mellaril	a drug in the class labeled "typical antipsychotics" and is most often used to treat positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
Neurontin	used to treat seizure disorders
Tegretol	used to treat seizure disorders and/or bipolar disorders
Paxil	used to treat depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Symptoms of manic episodes	Include florid psychotic symptoms typically consisting of hallucinations and delusions.
Symptoms of major depressive episodes	include feelings of guilt, thoughts of death, loss of energy, and trouble concentrating
Symptoms of hypomanic episodes	Include elevated mood shifts, thoughts of grandiosity, and no sign of psychosis.
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder	can occur at any time during menses, or not during menses at all. Symptoms must occur the week before onset of menses, symptoms must improve within a few days after onset of menses, and symptoms must be minimal or absent the week after menses to be dx
Client-centered therapy	focuses on having clients resolve their own problems by providing a caring and empathic atmosphere.
Reality therapy	focuses on a client’s behavior instead of their feelings, and on the present and future instead of the past.
Rational emotive behavior therapy	focuses on encouraging a client to make distinctions between what is an objective fact in the environment versus the inaccurate and negative interpretations
Cognitive therapy	focuses on a client’s conscious thinking processes, motivations, and reasons for/behind certain behaviors.
Construct validity	evaluates whether a measurement tool really represents the thing we are interested in measuring, which is expressed in the information in question.
Content validity	assesses whether a test is representative of all aspects of the construct
Face validity	considers how suitable the content of a test seems to be on the surface. Subjective. Considered the weakest form of validity.
Criterion validity	evaluates how closely the results of your test correspond to the results of a different test
Psychoanalysis	pioneered by Sigmund Freud and is the lengthy analysis of a patient's unconscious content. This can include dreams, associations, and unacknowledged feelings.
Libel	written form of defamation of character.
Slander	oral form of defamation of character
Fraud	when a social worker intentionally deceives a client
Misconduct	willful acts or omissions by a social worker who is obliged to fulfill certain duties.
Panic disorder	characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks, which is when an individual experiences physiological changes like an increased heart rate, dizziness, sweating, and shaking. neuroticism, anxiety sensitivity, & childhood sexual & physical abuse.
Regression (statistical method)	statistical method bears little or no resemblance to the definition of psychological/psychodynamic regression. It is a measure of the degree to which one variable (or a measure of that variable) is related to one or more others.
Evidence-based practices	When the methods employed (for diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, etc.) have been researched, studied, and validated as safe, effective methods for a defined clinical population. Known as "best practice".
Formal screening	the interviewing or testing process that identifies areas the client might want to discuss. While it evaluates the possibility of concerns, it is not used to diagnose a disorder.
Formal operations	the ability to create a hypothesis and test it, in hopes to gain the answer(s) to the problem.
Intervention	When a social worker takes action over the client's request to provide support to help solve a concern
Trauma informed care stages	Safety and Stabilization, Mourning and Remembrance, and Reconnection and Reintegration.
Clarification	a communicative technique used in therapy by which the client's language is used to refine and clarify what the client means to express.
Summarization	more global approach to the process or session,
Universalization	normalizes client thought and behavior
Reframing	an alternative viewpoint on an issue.
Object relations theory	focuses on a client’s relationship with others based on their early parent-child interactions and internalized self-images.
Cognitive theory	focuses on a client’s conscious thinking processes, reasons, and motivations for certain behaviors.
Psychoanalytic theory	the hypotheses and treatment applications of human personality and its development.
Existential theory	focuses on the acceptance of the client’s fundamental autonomy, freedom of choice, and the social worker’s commitment to the concept of client self-determination.
Marsha Linehan	known for her extensive contributions to the treatment of borderline personality disorder.
Murray Bowen	a family therapist and is known for his contributions to extended family systems theory, which regards the family system as a unit being treated instead of isolating one family member as the identified patient.
Erik Erikson	developed the psychosocial development model
Douglas McGregor	known for the development of the Theory Y approach.
Sexual sadism	when an individual experiences erotic pleasure by inflicting pain on others.
Exhibitionism	when an individual experiences a sexual arousal by exposing their genitals to those who do not wish to see them,
Sexual masochism	when an individual experiences erotic pleasure by being subjected to pain or suffering, such as being beaten or bound.
Pre-experimental research	intervenes and measures
Experimental research	random assignment of participants and differentiation between groups receiving, and not receiving the intervention.
Quasi-experimental design	does not use random groups but does have differential control and experimental groups.
Factitious disorder	an act of deceiving others by pretending to be ill or injured.
Tertiary gain	an advantage or a benefit that a person with mental or physical illness brings to others as a result of the illness.
Secondary gain	an advantage or a benefit that one receives from a physical or mental illness
Malingering	an act of feigning disability or illness in order to avoid undesired obligations.
Ataxia	a neurological sign defined by lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements and is commonly encountered in neuropsychiatric assessments.can affect body movements, speech, eye movements, eye hand coordination, ability to swallow, etc.
Sigmund Freud	a psychoanalyst, was the first to use the term "transference" to apply to the emotional behavior of his clients.
Psychoanalytic theory	theory of personality organization and the dynamics of personality development. The theory suggests that the preconscious level of awareness is the level containing the information that is available in the conscious mind but outside its awareness.
Conscious mind	contains all of the data a person is paying attention to at any given time. The layer which contains all items within the present awareness and attention
Unconscious Mind	contains all of the rest—the motivations, feelings, facts and memories that influence the conscious mind without being readily available to it. Contains thoughts, feelings desires, & memories that do not enter awareness but inform conscious behavior
Parallel process	the overidentification with the client and their issues, and this resembles countertransference a great deal. the client has issues that the therapist resonates with and responds to from the experience of their own life.
Countertransference	the overinvolvement of the therapist's emotions in taking feelings from another relationship and applying the feelings in a therapeutic context.
Universal social welfare	provides program benefits to all members of society
Selective social welfare	provides program benefits to a restricted group who demonstrate need
Shaping	the process of changing behavior by rewarding steps toward the behavior.
Negative reinforcement	when the rate of behavior increases because a stimulus is removed, which is not in the case in this question
Differential conditioning	a process of using two+ stimuli when only one provides an outcome. This is mostly used in situations in which a desired behavior already occurs, but it needs to be singled out through/with reinforcement.
Psychotherapy	refers to talk therapy that occurs between a clinician and a client.
Paranoid Personality Disorder	An unforgiving attitude, the idea that others are demeaning the individual, and even aggressive outbursts are common diagnostic elements for people with this dx
Group development: pre-affiliation	group members begin to get to know each other and assess the social situation of the group
Group development: power and control	social systems within the group begin to develop and group members may begin to challenge the group leader.
Group development: intimacy	group experience is much like a family, with alliances and conflicts, and there is more openness about feelings toward each other and the group
Group development: differentiation	group members begin to see each other as unique individuals and have respect for each other's opinions. The group organizes itself more effectively, communication improves, and decisions are made more objectively.
Group development: termination	the purposes of the group have been achieved, and the social worker helps group members to separate while preserving relationships and progress made within the group context.
Gestalt therapy	A form of psychotherapy that emphasizes the present moment, personal responsibility, and issues that surface within the context of the therapist-client relationship. These therapists focus on "self," which is achieved through relationships instead of in i
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder	new dx in the DSM-5 and is characterized by a type of spontaneous physical and emotional engagement with strangers by children. This diagnosis replaces the specifier of indiscriminately social/disinhibited type with respect to Reactive Attachment Disorder
Playground Observation of Behavior	an example of a behavioral observation.
The Behavioral Assertiveness Test for Children	an example of a role play test
The Child Behavior Checklist	an example of a parent report assessment
The Walker Problem Behavior Identification	an example of a teacher report assessment
Characteristics of an antisocial personality	Indifference toward feelings of others and a tendency to engage in manipulative behaviors. Additional criteria include: exhibiting illegal behaviors, failure to plan ahead, aggressiveness, disregard for the safety of others, and a strong lack of remorse.
Characteristics of someone with a narcissistic personality disorder	Grandiosity and self-involvement
Characteristics of someone with borderline personality disorder	Impulsivity and suicidal behavior
Characteristics of someone with avoidant personality disorder	preoccupation with social rejection and feelings of inferiority are very common
Primary prevention	strategies attempt to address issues before they arise.
Secondary prevention	strategies aim to reduce the impact of existing problems.
Somatic Symptom Disorder	a disorder where somatic symptoms are extremely troubling or interfere with everyday life functioning, as well as excessive worry regarding the symptoms in question. In order to meet the dx, symptoms required for a significant length of time.
Triangulation	happens when anxiety and tension between two individuals causes them to not communicate directly, leading them to go through a third person.
Assent	the expressed desire of the patient to receive treatment. Can be verbal or written.
Consent	the legal decision to undertake treatment and can often be provided by someone other than the patient. Can be verbal or written.
Parallel Process	the overidentification with the client and their issues.is concerned with the nature of the therapeutic bond in a more specific way: the client has issues that the therapist resonates with and responds to from the experience of their own life.
Countertransference	the overinvolvement of the therapist's emotions in taking feelings from another relationship and applying the feelings in a therapeutic context.
DBT	a form of CBT developed by Marsha Linehan to help people w/ suicidal thoughts & actions. Standard treatment for people w/ BPD. Stresses skill building & understanding negative feelings, taking responsibility for them
CBT	broader set of interventions aimed at helping a client understand the relationship between feelings and thoughts, and the influence they exert on each other.
Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)	a specialized cognitive therapy which helps people identify unproductive, false beliefs and their influence.
Psychoanalysis	the classic modality developed by Sigmund Freud and his psychoanalytic school, is a therapeutic mode that explores the unconscious conflicts that influence emotion and behavior.
The Miracle Question	"How would things look for you right now if you no longer had your drinking problem?" Questions that make the client define wellness to promote conversation about how to achieve those goals.
Validity	tells you how accurately a method measures something. If a method measures what it claims to and the results closely correspond to real world values, then it can be considered valid.
Main tasks in families with young children	realigning to make space for children, adopting and developing parenting roles, realigning relationships with families of origin to include parenting and grandparenting roles, & facilitating kids making peer relationships.
Typically prescribed for ADHD	Dexedrine, Ritalin, and Adderall
Tofranil	Tricyclic Antidepressant used primarily to treat depressive disorders. However, it is also used at times for the treatment of anxiety disorders.
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)	test used to better understand a client's needs, motives, emotions, and conflicts with are not clear through normal assessment techniques. Clients construct a narrative from ambiguous scenes which are then evaluated.
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)	Lengthy verbal inventory designed to measure personality and psychopathology. Does not cover Substance Use.
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)	21 item test used to gauge a client's level of depression. Also comes in smaller versions.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)	A self report inventory that classifies an individual's personality type, strengths, and preferences.
Theoretical position of trauma-informed care	Many clients have suffered trauma, whether they seek help for it or not and that these commonly rise to the surface regardless of the original reason the client came to treatment
Equifinality	The concept that similar outcomes may stem from different experiences. Different early experiences in life can lead to similar outcomes.
Subsystem	a single, predefined, operating environment through which the system coordinates work flow and resource use.
Homeostasis	with family systems, this refers to unique behavioral and emotional patterns developed/maintained by systems to enhance stability
Universalism	the idea that everyone should subscribe to a common set of values rather than those they have arrived at to meet the circumstances in their life
Dichotomous Thinking	the idea that there is a clear "either or" in most situations and forces moral valuation on choices that do not conform
High Value Control	a value that suggests that most people should be able to express restraint and control in their lives
Extrinsic Value Assessment	Assessment that assigns value based on the evaluation and opinions of outsiders
Nardil	A monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAIO) and when taking these medications there are dietary restrictions on foods that contain high levels of tyramine (generally food that has been aged) including cheeses, yeast extract spreads, and cured meats.
Indicators of positive ego strength	not blaming others, accepting themselves with their limitations, not getting overwhelmed by their moods, and taking responsibility for their actions
Dysthymia Disorder is now known as ___________ in the DSM-5	Persistent Depressive Disorder
Persistent Depressive Disorder	requires a depressed mood to occur for most of the day, for more days than not, and for at least two years for adults (one year for children or adolescents)
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)	a condition in which children experience ongoing irritability, anger and intense outbursts.
Major Depressive Disorder	a mental condition characterized by a persistently depressed mood and long-term loss of pleasure or interest in life. These feelings are often paired with other symptoms like disturbed sleep, feelings of inadequacy, and suicidal thoughts
Symbolic Modeling	uses filmed/videotaped models performing a demonstration of the desired behavior.
Covert Modeling	involves the client being asked to visualize performing the desired behavior
Coping Model	demonstrates the process of going from discomfort and inefficacy to competence.
Mastery Model	displays full competence throughout the demonstration
Congruence	A match between awareness and experience in communication. Clients need to express themselves and that their communication reflects their feelings. Essential for relationship and problem solving process.
Goal	general statement about something a program that is designed to achieve
Objective	more specific statement that describes the target results such as 25% enrollment in school.
Outcome	achieves results outlined within objectives
Mission Statement	a general statement about the overall purposes of an organization and is more symbolic in tone
First Stage of community-based decision-making	Orientation: member meet for the first time and start getting to know each other
Second Stage of community-based decision-making	Conflict: little fights and arguments may occur during this stage, but conflicts will eventually be worked out
Third Stage of community-based decision-making	Emergence: members begin to agree on a course of action
Fourth stage of community-based decision-making	Reinforcement: Members finally make a decision and justify why it is correct
Crisis intervention stages	1 rapid assessment (level of current crisis & safety), 2 establish psychological contact & rapport, 3 prioritize & focus on their goals, 4 expression of feelings & emotions, 5 generate alternatives & coping strategies, 6 formulate & implement action plan
Serotonin	a chemical created by the human body that works as a neurotransmitter, responsible for maintaining mood balance. Known relationship to depression.
Acetylcholine	neurotransmitter that plays a role in memory, learning, attention, arousal, and involuntary muscle movement.
Glutamate	most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in your brain and CNS
Dopamine	chemical related in the brain that makes you feel good
Erikson's first stage of psychosocial development	Attachment. Occurs in the first year of life and focuses on children learning the ability to trust others. Learn their needs can be met by others and insecurities might develop if these attachments are not nurturing.
Erikson's second stage of psychosocial development	Autonomy. Includes 3 states: autonomy versus shame/doubt, initiative versus guilt, and industry versus inferiority.
Erikson's third stage of psychosocial development	Intimacy versus isolation. People experience this in adulthood where there is a need to begin to connection with others.
Ego Alien	Ego dystonic
Preconscious	layer of consciousness that contains items that are not immediately within the person's attention, but available to call upon, if needed.
Dissociation	refers to a disturbance in the normally integrative functions of the mind. May extend to one or all of such things as memory, identity, perception, and consciousness.
Disorientation	Confusion about person, time, or place within an individual
Delusions	False beliefs that persist in spite of evidence to the contrary
Hypomania	state of affect in which one displays elevated, expansive, or irritable mood that is short of full mania.
Stages of group development	1 forming (preaffiliation, 2 storming (power & control), 3 norming (intimacy), 4 performing (differentiation), 5 adjourning (separation/termination)
Rationalization	a defense mechanism that refers to any way in which a person "explains" their bad behavior or impulses away.
Inhibition	a defense mechanism that refers to the suppression of pleasurable activity due to the discomfort that might emerge as a result.
Compensation	a defense mechanism that is characterized by a person attempting to make up for perceived deficiencies in one area by using emphasis on another
Displacement	a defense mechanism that allows a person to make up for uncomfortable feelings by choosing a less threatening target for those feelings than the one that is responsible for those feelings
Entropy	Randomness or disorder in a system, leading to decline. The higher it is, the higher the disorder and lower availability of the system's energy to do useful work.
Development: Ages 3-5	Interested in finding out more about the world in every way and can be manifested in sexual interactions. Normal to experiment with urinating in different positions and being curious about other's genitals and engage in game slike playing doctor.
Anatabuse	Produces unpleasant side effects when combined with alcohol. Used for behavior modification, psychotherapy, and support to assist those who have Alcohol Use Disorder
Topamax	Used for the treatment of Bipolar Disorder
Clozaril	Can be used for the treatment of schizophrenia and mania
Advil	Used for pain relief and as a fever reducer
Delerium	characterized by rapid onset, impaired attention and awareness, and disorganized thinking.
Dementia	Long-term condition of slow onset and chronic presentation in which attention usually remains intact, thinking remains mostly organized, and aggression is very unusual
Developmental Level	the set of functional abilities that clients find themselves with at given moments.
Conciliation	When a social worker advises, referees, and arbitrates between two or more parties
Coaching	when a social worker assists clients in the process of helping themselves
Paradoxical Directive	when a social worker changes clients' behavior by defying the directive
Triangulation	indicates that multiple sources and.or methods are used to gather information and/or check results.
The Gottman Method	a form of couple's therapy that focuses on verbal communication and its relationship to intimacy. Clients are encouraged to share admiration, affection, and an open sense of commitment and sharing.
Components of an MSE	Appearance, orientation, speech, affect/mood, impulsive/intention for harm, judgement/insight, thought processes/reality testing, intellectual functioning/memory
Negative reinforcement	the removal of an aversive stimulus with the goal of increasing the targeted behavior
Positive punishment	presents an undesirable stimulus (a shock) following a behavior for the purpose of decreasing/eliminating said behavior
Positive reinforcement	increases the probability that a behavior will occur because of praise, little gifts or reward comes with said behavior.
Negative punishment	the removal of a desirable stimulus (praise or little gifts) following a behavior for the purpose of decreasing/eliminating said behavior
Intellectualization	a defense mechanism in which the individual ignores feelings and analyzes problems as objectively as possible
Displacement	a defense mechanism that directs an impulse, wish, or feeling toward a less threatening object
Cyclothymic disorder	a mood disorder that lasts for more than two years and is characterized by depressive symptoms, hypomanic symptoms, and impaired social functioning.
Persistent depressive disorder	a mood disorder that occurs almost every day and is characterized by: sadness, irritability, fatigue, indecisiveness, pessimism, dyssomnia, poor appetite or overeating, and low self-esteem.
Bipolar I disorder	a mood disorder that is characterized by a single or by recurrent manic episodes or hypomanic episodes.
Bipolar II disorder	a mood disorder that is characterized by one or more major depressive episodes and one or more hypomanic episodes. Depressive episodes last at least 2 weeks & mania at least 4 days.
Personality Disorders: Cluster C contains anxious and fearful disorders	avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder, and obsessive compulsive personality disorder.
Personality Disorders: Cluster A contains odd or eccentric disorders	paranoid personality disorder
Personality Disorders: Cluster B contains dramatic, emotional or erratic disorders	borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder.
Aversion therapy	uses conditioning but focuses on creating a negative response to an undesirable stimulus, such as drinking alcohol or using drugs
Modeling	a method that involves demonstrating to an individual what behavior is to be acquired by the individual, who learns by imitation only
Systematic desensitization	involves multiple steps, which include muscle relaxation techniques, a ranked list of an individual's fears and then exposure to the fear. With each exposure, the behavior is reinforced with a reward, which could be a compliment, a gift or relaxation.
In vivo desensitization	an exposure-based technique for the treatment of phobias, anxiety and fears that uses real life to slowly introduce the client to their phobia and desensitize them.
Lyrica	used to treat seizures, nerve pain, and fibromyalgia.
Major Depressive Disorder	usually treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs
Panic disorders	sometimes treated with SSRIs or with benzodiazepines such as Xanax or Ativan
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder	treated with a stimulant medication like Adderall.
Zyprexa	also known as olanzapine, is an atypical antipsychotic medication. It is approved for the treatment of schizophrenia.
Atypical antipsychotics	Olanzapine (Zyprexa), aripiprazole (Abilify), quetiapine (Seroquel), and risperidone (Risperdal).
Doxepin	a tricyclic antidepressant which is used to treat nocturia (bedwetting) in children.
Panic disorder	includes recurrent unexpected panic attacks, or when a person experiences increased heart rate, dizziness, sweating, & shaking. Common for clients to report neuroticism, anxiety sensitivity, & childhood sexual & physical abuse.
Stress inoculation therapy	developed in the 1970s by Meichenbaum, has been found to be very effective in a wide range of settings, like psychotherapy, trauma intervention, and military training
Stress inoculation therapy	uses cognitive behavioral principles w/ individualized stress management strategies so the client completes intervention w/ internalized techniques for counteracting effects of stress & a routine of self-directed means for effective coping strategies.
Interpretation	analyzes & reinterprets behavior, circumstances, & consequences in order to better understand a problem. A social worker may have to be somewhat directive about, as the client may be too immersed in the situation or pattern to see it.
Psychoanalysis	pioneered by Sigmund Freud and is the lengthy analysis of a patient's unconscious content. This can include dreams, associations, and unacknowledged feelings.
Dexedrine	Stimulant used to treat ADHD
Preconventional	Kohlberg's model of moral development that is most primitive, and is based on fear of authority with obedience being only in response to punishment
Conventional	Kohlberg's model of moral development that focused on societal norms and external expectations to discern right from wrong, often grounded in tradition, cultural practices, or established codes of conduct
Postconventional	Kohlberg's model of moral development characterized by an individual’s understanding of universal ethical principles. People decide based on what they think is right rather than just following the rules of society.
Best treatment for OCD	CBT and possibly medication
False Imputation	the attribution of symptoms to another source for gain.
Diovan	Used to treat heart disease or heart failure

Created by: kelseyravenfox

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