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chap 15, 16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aqueous solution | water that contains dissolved substances |
| brownian motion | the chaotic movement of colloidal particles, caused by collision with particles of the solvent in which they are dispersed |
| colloid | a mixture whose particles are intermediate in size between those of a suspension and a solute solution |
| electrolyte | a compound that conducts an electric current when it is in an aqueous solution or in the molten state; all ionic compounds are electrolytes, but most covalent compounds are not |
| emulsion | the colloidal dispersion of one liquid in another |
| hydrate | a compound that has a specific number of water molecules bound to each formula unit |
| nonelectrolyte | a compound that does not conduct an electric current in aqueous solution or in the molten state |
| solute | dissolved particles in a solution |
| solvation | a process that occurs when an ionic solute dissolves; in a solution, solvent molecules surround the positive and negative ions |
| solvent | the dissolving medium in a solution |
| strong electrolyte | a solution in which a large portion of the solute exist as ions |
| surfactant | any substance that interferes with the hydrogen bonding between water molecules and thereby reduces surface tension. ex: soaps and detergents |
| suspension | a mixture from which some of the particles settle out slowly upon standing |
| surface tension | an inward force that tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid; it causes the surface to behave as if it were with a thin skin |
| tyndall effect | scattering of light by particles in a colloid or suspension, which causes a beam of light to become visible |
| weak electrolyte | a solution that conducts electricity poorly because only a fraction of the solute exists as ions |
| boiling-point elevation | the difference in temperature between the boiling point of a solution and the boiling point of the pure solvent |
| concentrated solution | a solution containing a large amount of solute |
| concentration | a measurement of the amount of solute that is dissolved in a given quantity of solvent;usually express as mol/L |
| colligative property | a property of a solution that depends only upon the number of solute particles, and not upon their identities; boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure lowering are colligative properties |
| dilute solution | a solution that contains a small amount of solute |
| freezing point depression | the difference in temperature between the freezing point of a solution and the freezing point of the pure solvent |
| henry's law | at a given temperature the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid |
| immiscible | describes liquids that are insoluble in one another. ex: oil and water |
| miscible | describes liquids that dissolve in one another in all proportions |
| molal freezing point depression constant (Kf) | the change in freezing point for a 1 molal solution of a nonvolatile molecular solute |
| molal boiling point elevation constant (Kb) | the change in boiling point for a 1 molal solution of a nonvolatile molecular solute |
| molality (m) | the concentration of solute in a solution expresses as the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 kilogram (1000 g) of solvent |
| molarity (M) | the concentration of solute in a solution expressed as the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution |
| mole fraction | the ratio of the moles of solute in solution to the total number of moles of of both solvent and solute |
| saturated solution | a solution containing the maximum amount of solute for a given amount of solvent at a constant temperature and pressure; an equilibrium exists between undissolved solute and ions in solution |
| solubility | the amount of a substance that dissolves in a given quantity of solvent at specified conditions of temperature and pressure to produce a saturated solution |
| supersaturated solution | a solution that contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at a given temperature; excess solute precipitates if a seed crystal is added |
| unsaturated solution | an organic compound with one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds |
Created by:
annacop
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