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Med Term Chapter 11
Medical Term words for chapter 11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aorta | largest artery in the body |
| apex of the heart | lower tip of the heart |
| artery | largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body |
| atrioventricular bundle | specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them |
| atrioventricular node | specialized tissue in the wall between the atria |
| atrium | one of two upper chambers of the heart |
| capillary | smallest blood vessel. materials pass to and from the bloodstream through the thin capillary walls |
| carbon dioxide | gas released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart and then to the lungs for exhalation |
| coronary arteries | blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen- rich blood to the heart muscle |
| deoxygenated blood | blood that is oxygen poor |
| diastole | relaxation phase of the heartbeat |
| electrocardiogram | record of the electricity flowing through the heart |
| endocardium | inner lining of the heart |
| endothelium | innermost lining of blood vessels |
| mitral valve | valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle, bicuspid valve |
| murmur | abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves |
| myocardium | muscular, middle layer of the heart |
| normal sinus rhythm | heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute |
| oxygen | gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells |
| pacemaker (sinoatrial node) | specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat |
| pericardium | double-layered membrane surrounding the heart |
| pulmonary artery | artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs |
| pulmonary circulation | flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart |
| pulmonary valve | valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery |
| pulmonary vein | one of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart |
| pulse | beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries |
| septum | partition or wall dividing a cavity; such as between the right and left atria and right and left ventricles |
| sinoatrial node | pacemaker of the heart |
| sphygmomanometer | instrument to measure blood pressure |
| systemic circulation | flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues |
| systole | contraction phases of the heartbeat |
| tricuspid valve | located between the right atrium and the right ventricle; it has three leaflets, or cusps |
| valve | structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction |
| vein | thin-walled vessels that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart |
| vena cava | largest vein in the body. the superior and inferior venae cavae return blood to the right atrium of the heart |
| ventricle | one of two lower chambers of the heart |
| venule | small vein |
| angi/o | vessel |
| aort/o | aorta |
| arter/o , arteri/o | artery |
| ather/o | yellowish plaque fatty substance |
| atri/o | atrium, upper heart chamber |
| brachi/o | arm |
| cardi/o | heart |
| cholesterol/ | cholesterol |
| coron/o | heart |
| cyan/o | blue |
| myx/o | mucus |
| ox/o | oxygen |
| pericardi/o | pericardium |
| phleb/o | vein |
| rrhythm/o | rhythm |
| sphygm/o | pulse |
| steth/o | chest |
| thrombo/o | clot |
| valvul/o, valv/o | valve |
| vas/o | vessel |
| vascul/o | vessel |
| ven/o, ven/i | vein |
| ventricul/o | ventricle. lower heart chamber |
| arrhythmias | abnormal heart rhythms |
| bradycardia and heart block | failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle |
| flutter | rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria |
| fibrillation | very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute) |
| congenital heart disease | abnormalities in the heart at birth |
| coarctation of the aorta | narrowing of the aorta |
| patent ductus arteriosus | passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth |
| septal defects | small holes in the wall between the atria or the ventricles |
| tetralogy of Fallot | congenital malformation involving four distinct heart defects |
| congestive heart failure | heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood |
| coronary artery disease | disease of the arteries surrounding the heart |
| endocarditis | inflammation of the inner lining of the heart |
| hypertensive heart disease | high blood pressure affecting the heart |
| mitral valve prolapse (MVP) | improper closure of the mitral valve |
| murmur | extra heart sound, heard between normal beats |
| pericarditis | inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart |
| rheumatic heart disease | heart disease caused by rheumatic fever |
| aneurysm | local widening (dilation) of an arterial wall |
| deep vein thrombosis (DVT) | blood clot forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb |
| hypertension (HTN) | high blood pressure |
| peripheral arterial disease | blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys and other organs |
| Raynaud's disease | recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes |
| varicose veins | abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs |
| BNP test | measurement of BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) in blood |
| cardiac biomarkers | chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack |
| lipid tests (lipid profile) | measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) in a blood sample |
| lipoprotein electrophoresis | lipoproteins (combinations of fat and protein) are physically separated and measured in a blood sample |
| angiography | x-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material |
| computed tomography angiography (CTA) | three- dimensional x-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries using computed tomography |
| digital subtraction angiography (DSA) | video equipment and a computer produce x-ray images of blood vessels |
| electron beam computed tomography (EBCT or EBT) | electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early CAD |
| doppler ultrasound studies | sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels |
| echocardiography (ECHO) | echoes generated by high- frequency sound waves produce images of the heart |
| positron emission tomography (PET) scan | images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive glucose |
| technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scan | technetium Tc 99m sestamibi injected intravenously is taken up in cardiac tissue, where it is detected by scanning |
| thallium 201 scan | concentration of radioactive thallium is measured to give information about blood supply to the heart muscle |
| cardiac MRI | images of the heart are produced using radiowave energy in a magnetic field |
| cardiac catheterization | thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery |
| electrocardiography (ECG) | recording of electricity flowing through the heart |
| Holter monitoring | an ECG device is worn during a 24-hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias |
| stress test | exercise tolerance test (ETT) determines the heart's response to physical exertion (stress) |
| catheter ablation | brief delivery of radiofrequency energy to destroy areas of heart tissue that may be causing arrhythmias |
| coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) | arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages |
| defibrillation | brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation) |
| endarterectomy | surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery |
| extracorporeal circulation | heart-lung machine diverts blood from the heart and lungs while the heart is repaired |
| heart transplantation | donor heart is transferred to a recipient |
| percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) | balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery; stents are put in place |
| thrombolytic therapy | drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the bloodstream of patients with coronary thrombosis |
| transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) | placement of a balloon-expandable aortic heart valve into the body via a catheter |
| AAA | abdominal aortic aneurysm |
| ACE inhibitor | angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitor |
| ACLS | advanced cardiac life support; CPR plus drugs and defibrillation |
| ACS | acute coronary syndrome |
| ADP | adenosine diphosphate; ADP blockers are used to prevent cardiovascular-related death, heart attack, and strokes and after all stent procedures |
| AED | automatic external defibrillator |
| AF, a-fib | atrial fibrillation |
| AICD | automatic implantable cardioverter- defibrillator |
| AMI | acute myocardial infarction |
| ARB | angiotensin II receptor blocker |
| ARVD | arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia |
| AS | aortic stenosis |
| ASD | atrial septal defect |
| AV, A-V | atrioventricular |
| AVR | aortic valve replacement |
| BBB | bundle branch block |
| BNP | brain natriuretic peptide, elevated in congestive heart failure |
| BP | blood pressure |
| CABG | coronary artery bypass grafting |
| CAD | coronary care unit |
| CCU | coronary care unit |
| Cath | catheterization |
| CHF | congestive heart failure |
| CK | creatine kinase; enzyme released after injury to skeletal or heart muscles |
| CoA | coarctation of the aorta |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| CRT | cardiac resynchronization therapy; biventricular pacing |
| CTNI or cTnI; CTNT or cTnT | cardiac troponin- I and cardiac troponin- T; troponin is a protein released into the bloodstream after myocardial injury |
| DES | drug- eluting stent |
| DSA | digital subtraction angiography |
| DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
| ECG; also EKG | electrocardiography |
| ECHO | echocardiography |
| ECMO | extracorporeal membrane oxygenation |
| EF | ejection fraction; measure of the amount of blood that pumps out of the heart with each beat |
| EPS | electrophysiology study; electrode catheters are inserted into veins and threaded into the heart and electrical conduction is measured |
| ETT | exercise tolerance test |
| ETT- MIBI | exercise tolerance test combined with a radioactive tracer |
| EVAR | endovascular aneurysm repair |
| FFR | fractional flow reserve |
| HDL | high-density lipoprotein; high blood levels are associated with lower incidence of coronary artery disease |
| hsCPR | high- sensitivity C-reactive protein; biomarker for inflammation in prediction of heart attack risk |
| HTN | hypertension (high blood pressure) |
| IABP | intra-aortic balloon pump; used to support patients in cardiogenic shock |
| ICD | implantable cardioverter-defibrillator |
| IVUS | intravascular ultrasound |
| LAD | left anterior descending (coronary artery) |
| LDL | low-density lipoprotein |
| LMWH | low-molecular- weight device |
| LV | left ventricle |
| LVAD | left ventricle assist device |
| LVH | left ventricle hypertrophy |
| MI | multiple-gated acquisition scan; a radioactive test of heart function |
| MVP | mitral valve prolapse |
| NOAC | novel anticoagulant drug |
| NSR | normal sinus rhythm |
| NT-proBNP | N-terminal pro-peptide of BNP |
| NSTEMI | non-ST elevation myocardial infarction |
| PAC | premature atrial contraction |
| PAD | peripheral arterial disease |
| PCI | percutaneous coronary intervention |
| PDA | patent ductus arteriosus; posterior descending artery |
| PE | pulmonary embolus |
| PVC | premature ventricular contraction |
| SA, S-A node | sinoatrial node |
| SCD | sudden cardiac death |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| SPECT | single photon emission computed tomography; used for myocardial imaging with sestamibi scans |
| STEMI | ST elevation myocardial infarction |
| SVT | supraventricular tachycardia; rapid heartbeats arising from the atria and causing palpitations, SOB, and dizziness |
| TAVR | transcatheter aortic valve replacement |
| TEE | transesophageal echocardiography |
| TEVAR | thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair |
| TGA | transposition of the great arteries |
| tPA | tissue-type plasminogen activator; a drug used to prevent thrombosis |
| UA | unstable angina; chest pain at rest or of increasing frequency |
| VF | ventricular fibrillation |
| VSD | ventricular septal defect |
| VT | ventricular tachycardia |
| WPW | Wolff-Parkinson- White syndrome; an abnormal ECG pattern often associated with paroxysmal tachycardia |
Created by:
25kleona