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Unit 4 Ancient China
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| According to the Mandate of heaven, what did the Chinese owe to their leader? | complete loyalty and obedience |
| How do we know the Shang dynasty existed and was more than a myth? | Artifacts such as pottery, bronze weapons and royal tombs were found |
| How does bronze relate to the Shang Dynasty? | Bronze made the Shang Dynasty powerful therefore it lasted for over 500 years. |
| What was the purpose of oracle bones? | Used to communicate with ancestors since they believed they had the power to help or harm them |
| What lead to the downfall of the Shang Dynasty? List three reasons | King and nobles spent money on clothing, palaces and tombs, wars, kings spent time on hunting instead of ruling |
| Define feudalism: | a give and take relationship between the social classes based on loyalty and protection that created law and order |
| What lead to the downfall of Zhou dynasty? | Nobles fought against each other for land. Nobles challenged the king for control of the dynasty. |
| What did the Nobles provide to the King? | loyalty and military service |
| What did the King provide to the Nobles? | land/districts/states |
| What did the Nobles provide for the Peasants? | protection |
| What did the Peasants provide to the Nobles? | crops and goods |
| Why was feudalism created during the Zhou dynasty? | it created stability for the dynasty |
| What led to the downfall of the Zhou dynasty? | Nobles fought the king for power of the dynasty and Nobles fighting wars against each other that weakened the dynasty. |
| What question did the Chinese ask at the end of the Zhou Dynasty? | What is the BEST way to govern the dynasty? |
| Why did the Chinese develop Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism? | To give ideas about what is the best way to govern |
| Describe the basic idea of Confucianism and how rulers should rule under this philosophy. | Basic ideas: honest, fair, goodness. Rulers should: be fair and honest to create a peaceful society |
| Describe the basic idea of Daoism and how rulers should rule under this philosophy. | Basic ideas: simple, natural lifestyle. Rulers should: be simple and peaceful |
| Describe the basic idea of Legalism and how rulers should rule under this philosophy. | Basic ideas: harsh, strict laws. Rulers should: enforce laws with rewards for good behavior and harsh punishments for bad behavior |
| Which philosophy did the leader of the Qin dynasty (Shi Huang Di) follow? Why? | He followed legalism because it was the fastest way to gain control of a large empire |
| What did Emperor Qin standardize and why was it important? | He standardized money, weight, and measurements to make trade easier |
| Why did they build the Great Wall of China? | Great Wall of China built to protect China from northern invaders the Mongolians |
| Who opposed Emperor Qin’s rule of the dynasty and why? | Confucian scholars/followers opposed Emperor Qin. They believed a ruler should be honest, fair and wise not follow strict laws and harsh punishments |
| Why did Emperor Qin’s order the execution of 460 Confucian scholars and the burning of the books? ? | He was afraid that they would feel Confucianism is a better way to rule and they would challenge his authority. He burned the books because he didn't want people to learn about Confucianism and wanted to rebel against legalism. |
| What is the purpose of the chain pump? | a device used to transport water from the river to canals to irrigated crops during drought |
| What is the purpose of the Seismograph | a device used to detect earthquakes |
| Why is silk valuable? | valuable because only the Chinese knew how to produce it. |
| What is the purpose of the Kite | used to send messages across a battlefield, used to scare enemies away before a battle |
| Which Chinese philosophy was the best way to rule China during the Han Dynasty? | Confucianism |
| Describe the North China Plains. | flat, fertile grasslands |
| Why are the North China Plains called “The Land of the Yellow Earth”? | NCP covered in loess from Gobi that created fertile land |
| Why is the Huang He River yellow? | River is yellow because of the loess from the Gobi Desert |
| What are the challenges of the Huang He River? | Huang He River constantly floods destroys crops and homes |
| What is a benefit of living in the Chang Jiang River Valley? | Can grow crops all year round in the Chang Jiang River Valley |
| What is a challenge of living in the Chang Jiang River Valley? | Fertile and grazing lands are limited in the Chang Jiang River Valley |
| How did they create fertile land in the Chang Jiang River Valley? | Chinese built terraces along the river |
| Why is the Tibetan Plateau called “The Roof of the World”? | The Tibetan Plateau is more than 2 miles above sea level |
| Why is there no fertile land in the Tibetan Plateau? | The Tibetan Plateau is to cold and dry |
| What is the tallest mountain peak in the Himalayas? | Mt Everest |
| What is a benefit of the Himalayas? | Himalayas provided China with protection from the southwest |
| What does Taklamakan mean? | Once you go in, you won't come out |
| How did the Taklamakan get its name? | Dangerous due to sudden sandstorms |
| How is the Gobi Desert different than the Taklamakan? | Taklimakan has huge sand dunes and the Gobi is flat |
| How is the Gobi Desert connected to the Huang He/North China Plains? | The Gobi Desert provides the Huang He and North China Plains with loess that helps create fertile land |
| What is the mandate of heaven? | The right to rule given by heaven |
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