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1-3 quiz Radiation
CH 1Radiation physic
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The earliest atomic theory is generally associated with | Leucippus. |
| The word atom is derived from the Greek word atomos, meaning | indivisible. |
| In the early 1800s English chemist John Dalton theorized that | all of these |
| Discovery of the electron is attributed to | Thomson. |
| The “plum pudding model” is associated with | Thomson. |
| The earliest atomic theory based on an arrangement similar to the solar system is attributed to | Rutherford. |
| The use of the word atom is first attributed to which of the following? | Greeks |
| Who likened the atom to our solar system? | Bohr |
| It is important to keep in mind that the atom is mostly made up of which of the following? | Empty space |
| Which particle is the smallest in terms of mass? | Electrons |
| Which of the following provides the negative charges of an atom? | Electrons |
| Which of the following must balance in terms of number of each to give an atom a neutral charge? | Protons & electrons |
| What is the purpose of binding energy? | Hold protons and neutrons together |
| Electron shells refer to which of the following? | Orbits of the electrons |
| Which shell is furthest from the nucleus? | N |
| What is the maximum number of electrons that will occupy the M shell? | 18 |
| The amount of energy needed to break apart the nucleus of an atom is called: | Binding energy |
| The binding energies or energy levels of electrons are represented by their: | Shells |
| What is the maximum number of electron shells possible in an atom? | 7 |
| The outermost shell of an atom (except when there is only one shell) can have a maximum of: | 8 electrons |
| What electrical charge does an atom that is short one electron have? | positive |
| Which electron shell has the highest binding energy? | K shell |
| An element with an atomic number of 22 can have how many electrons in the second principle quantum number level (L shell)? | 8 |
| An atom that is an ion always has a different number of: | Protons & electrons |
| What is exchanged in an ionic bond? | Electrons |
| What are the groups of the periodic table organized by? | Number of electrons in the outer most shell |
| Which of the following is the simplest form of a substance that composes matter? | element |
| Which of the following have the same number of neutrons? | Isotones |
| What holds atoms together in an ionic bond? | Difference in charge |
| What changes in isomers? | energy |
| What do zinc, iron, nickel, and oxygen have in common? | They are elements that exist in a pure form. |
| Which of the following has the same number of protons? | Isotopes |
| What do atoms share in a covalent bond? | Electron |
| Atoms in each period of the periodic table share what characteristic in common? | Number of electron shells |
| Which of the following is not a member of the electromagnetic spectrum? | Beta Rays |
| Which of the following has the highest energy? | Gamma rays |
| Electromagnetic radiation includes what types of disturbances in space? | Electric & Magnetic |
| What is the velocity of electromagnetic radiation? | speed of light |
| In what medium does electromagnetic radiation travel best? | Does not require a medium |
| What wave characteristic is the same for all members of the electromagnetic spectrum? | speed |
| Which wave characteristic refers to the height of a wave? | Amplitude |
| If wavelength increases, what happens to frequency? | Decreases |
| Which frequency will have the longest wavelength? | 10^2Hz |
| What is the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of 1 x 1010 Hz? | 3 x 10-2 m |
| Which frequency is outside the electromagnetic spectrum? | 10-2 |
| What happens to photon energy as frequency increases? | Increase |
| Planck’s Quantum Theory describes a relationship between what two things? | Frequency and energy |
| What distinguishes x-rays and gamma rays apart from the rest of the electromagnetic spectrum? | Ability to ionize matter |
| What differentiates x-rays from gamma rays? | energy, source, and frequency |
| What does wave-particle duality mean? | Electromagnetic radiation has characteristics of waves and particles. |
| Refraction is a characteristic of which of the following? | Wave |
| Frequency is a characteristic of which of the following? | Wave |
| Transmission is a characteristic of which of the following? | Wave |
| The interaction of ultraviolet light with the skin is an example characteristic of which of the following? | Particle |
| Following the concept of the inverse square law, light exhibits characteristics of: | Particles |
| Attenuation of x-rays is a characteristic of? | Waves |
| X-ray’s ability to ionize matter is a characteristic of: | Particles |
| Sequence the following members of the electromagnetic spectrum from lowest energy to highest. | radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma rays |
| Electromagnetic radiation varies in terms of their: | wavelength, Frequency |
| Electromagnetic radiation travels as an electric and magnetic disturbance: | in any medium |
| If 60 waves go by a given point in 1 second, which is the appropriate unit of measure? | frequency |
| Which of the following wavelengths has the lowest frequency? | 10^10 m |
| The main differences between the different types of electromagnetic radiation is: | wavelength, frequency |
| Which end of the electromagnetic spectrum is more likely to exhibit wave characteristics? | low end |
| Wavelength is a characteristic of: | waves |
| When photons are “bent” as they pass through a medium, it is a characteristic of: | waves |
| Brightness varying inversely with distance is a characteristic of: | particles |
| The inverse square law states that intensity will vary as what power of the distance? | second (squared) |
| When x-rays remove electrons from atoms they are behaving as: | particles |
| A wave is moving at a velocity of 10 meters per second. Its wavelength is 2 meters. What is its frequency? | 5Hz |
| According to Planck’s Quantum Theory, if one photon has four times the energy of another, how much greater is its frequency than the other? | 4 times |
| Which of the following have the ability to ionize matter? | x-ray, gamma ray |
| Waves and particles emitted from unstable nuclei are called: | Radiation |
| A radionuclide refers to atoms with which of the following? | Radioactive nucleus |
| Initially, physicists thought alpha, beta, and gamma to all be: | Rays |
| Which of the following has a positive charge? | Alpha |
| How many neutrons does an alpha particle have? | 2 |
| A beta particle is an electron that originates from? | An Unstable nucleus |
| The half-life of technetium 99m is six hours. If you have 12 mCi of technetium at this moment, how much will remain in 24 hours? | 0.75 mCi |
| What is the Curie actually measuring? | Rate of atomic disintegration |
| The exposure rate to a body 3 feet from a source of radiation is 16 R/hour. What distance from the source would be necessary to decrease the exposure to 6 R/hour? | 5 feet |
| For a given technique, the x-ray intensity at the 16 cm distance is 160 mR. What is the intensity on the surface of the vertical bucky at the 64 cm distance? | 10 mR |
| The intensity of radiation is 400 mR at the distance of 40 inches. What will the intensity be if the source of radiation was moved to 80 inches? | 100 mR |
| The intensity of the radiation from the x-ray tube measured at the distance of 40 inches was 1,000 mR. What will intensity be if the tube was moved to the distance of 72 inches? | 308 mR |
| The exposure from the tube operated at 60 kVp on the surface of the radiographic table was 0.01 mR at the distance of 100 inches. What will the exposure be when the tube is moved to the distance of 10 inches? | 1 mR |
| What is the SI unit for exposure? | Coulomb/kilogram |
| What is the unit of measure for occupational exposure? | Rem |
| Which of the following is the SI equivalent of 1 rad? | 10-2 Gy |
| The SI unit of measure for the dose that a radiation therapy patient receives is: | Gray |
| Which of the following is defined as the number of individual atoms decaying per second? | Becquerel |
| X-rays: | Always travel in a straight line. |
| X-rays have significant penetrating power due to their: | Short wavelength |
| X-rays and gamma rays: | Differ only in their source. |
| X-rays and gamma rays are often referred to as photons because: | They occur as small packets of energy. |
| X-rays can be focused. | False |
| Particulate radiation does NOT include: | x-ray particles |
| Alpha and beta particles are similar to x-rays and gamma rays in that they | have the energy to ionize matter. |
| The general process of a radioactive element giving off excess energy and particles to regain stability is | radioactive decay. |
| Radioactive elements | Radioactive elements, to regain stability, emit particles and energy from their nuclei. |
| Half-life is | the rate at which a radioactive material decays. |
| Half-life is defined as | the time it takes for half the remaining atoms in an amount of a radioactive element to decay. |
| The half-life of technetium-99m is 6 hours. How many unstable atoms will remain after 12 hours? | One fourth of the original amount |
| Alpha particles consist of | two protons and two neutrons. |
| An alpha particle is the same as the nucleus of a(n) | helium atom. |
| When compared with a beta particle, the alpha particle is | Much Larger |
| When the alpha particle picks up two electrons as it passes through air it becomes a | neutral atom of helium. |
| The positively charged beta particle is a(n) | positron. |
| As compared to an alpha particle, a beta particle | has less mass |
| A negatively charged beta particle behaves the same as a(n) | electron |
| Which of the following is NOT a source of man-made ionizing radiation? | gamma rays |
| All electromagnetic radiation travels at the same speed. | True |
| All radioactive elements occur naturally. | False |
| The beta particle is an electron that is emitted from an outer shell. | False |
| We are exposed to non-medical ionizing radiation everyday categorized as natural or background radiation. | True |
Created by:
Thuythi15