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Chem. Study Guide
Midterm review from class
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are 3 parts to an atom? | electron, proton, neutron |
| What is the charge of the subatomic particles? | e-, p+, n |
| In a neutral atom, what two particles are equal in number? | protons and electrons |
| What in the mass of each particle in the atom? | e-=0, p+=1, n= 1 |
| The atomic mass of an atom in equal to the number of___. | proton + neutron |
| What do we call the lowest amount of energy an electron can have? | ground state |
| How do we describe an electron that absorbs energy and moves to a higher energy level? | excited |
| When an electron returns from a higher energy level to a lower energy state, what does it do? | emits light energy |
| What are the outermost electrons in an atom called? | Valence |
| What do valence electrons determine for an atom? | bonding, properties |
| How many valence electrons max can an atom have? | 8 |
| How are isotopes different from each other? | isotopes have different mass because of different numbers of neutrons |
| How are isotopes the same? | isotopes have the same number of protons |
| What is the difference between the atomic mass and mass number? | The atomic mass is the weighted average of all isotopes and the mass number in the rounded atomic mass |
| How many neutrons does Fluorine have? | 10 neutrons |
| How many protons does Gallium have | 31 protons |
| How many electrons would a neutral atom of carbon have? | 6 electrons |
| Which atom has this electron configuration in the excited state? | 35 =Bromine |
| What determines the stability of an atom? | proton to neutron ratio (1:1) |
| What happens to unstable nuclei? | Radioactive decay |
| What is the time of decay called? | T = Half-life, t= time of decay, n= number of half-lives |
| How many half-lives will it take to get to 1/4 the amount of radioactivity in a substance? | 2 half-lives |
| What radioactive particle does thorium-232 emit? | alpha |
| What is the name given to the term representing an atom changing into a completely different atom? | transmutation |
| What are the two types of transmutations? | Artificial, Natural |
| How do the two types of transmutation differ? | Artificial= lab, Natural= real |
| How are fission and fusion different? | Fission= big- small, Fusion= little - big |
| What two things are conserved in a nuclear reaction? | mass + charge |
| How does Einstein's equation come into play for nuclear chemistry? | E=mc^2 (E=energy, m=mass, c= speed of light) |
| What are the dangers form radioactive exposure? | death, cancer, mutations, plant meltdowns |
| What are the positive aspects of nuclear radiation? | dating, tracing, reducing tumor size, clean energy |
| Chemical bonds deal only with what subatomic particle? | electrons |
| How many electrons are involved in forming a bond? | 2 |
| Breaking a bond is____. | endothermic |
| Forming a chemical bond is _____. | exothermic |
| What happens to the temperature of an exothermic reaction? | hot |
| What happens to the temperature of an endothermic reaction? | cold |
| Ionic bonds form when electrons are____. | transferred |
| Ionic bonds form between___. | metals and nonmetals |
| Covalent bonds form when electrons are___, | shared |
| Covalent bonds form between two____. | non-metals |
| Polar covalent bonds share electrons___. | unequally |
| Non-polar covalent bonds share electrons___. | equally |
| Covalent compounds are also called___. | molecules |
| Metallic bonds have___electrons. | loose |
| Cations are ionic atoms that ____ electrons | lose |
| Are cations positive or negative? | positive |
| Are anions positive or negative? | negative |
| Anion are ionic atoms the ___ electrons | gain |
| Anions radius gets___. | bigger |
| Atoms bond with other atoms to obtain a ___. | stable octet |
| How many electrons are found in the s orbital? | 2 |
| How many electrons are found in the p orbital? | 6 |
| How many electrons are found in the d orbital? | 10 |
| How many electrons are found in the f orbital? | 14 |
| Which orbital gets filled first? | s |
| Which orbital gets filled second? | p |
| Which compounds have high melting and boiling points, form crystals, dissolve in water, and conduct electricity in solution? | Ionic |
| Which compounds have low melting and boiling points, and DO NOT conduct electricity in solutions? | covalent |
| What are intermolecular forces? | forces that hold molecules together |
| Elements are arranged in order of increasing____. | atomic number |
| Elements in the same group have the same number of____. | valence electrons |
| Elements in the same group have similar___. | properties |
| What are the 3 types of elements? | metal, non-metal, metaliod |
| The horizontal arrangement on the periodic table represents? | orbitals, levels, periods |
| A solution of sodium chloride has a density of 3 grams/Liter. There are 3 liters of the solution. How many grams of NaCL are dissolved in the solution? | 9 grams |
| What is the percent composition of hydrogen in a water molecule? (H mass is 1 amu, O mass is 16 amu) | 11% |
| A strip of Aluminum has a temperature of 27 degrees C. What is the temperature in Kelvin? | 300 K |
Created by:
ifolckemer
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