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CS course3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bandwidth | The maximum data transmission capacity over a network, measured by bits per second |
| Cloud computing | The practice of using remote servers, application, and network services that are hosted on the internet instead of on local physical devices |
| Cloud network | A collection of servers or computers that stores resources and data in remote data centers that can be accessed via the internet |
| Data packet | A basic unit of information that travels from one device to another within a network |
| Hub | A network device that broadcasts information to every device on the network |
| Internet Protocol (IP) | A set of standards used for routing and addressing data packets as they travel between devices on a network |
| Internet Protocol (IP) address | A unique string of characters that identifies the location of a device on the internet |
| Local Area Network (LAN) | A network that spans small areas like an office building, a school, or a home |
| Media Access Control (MAC) address | A unique alphanumeric identifier that is assigned to each physical device on a network I’m |
| Modem | A device that connects your router to the internet and brings internet access to the LAN |
| Network | A group of connected devices |
| Open systems interconnection (OSI) model | A standardized concept that describes the seven layers computers use to communicate and send data over the network |
| Packet sniffing | The practice of capturing and inspecting data packets across a network |
| Port | A software-based location that organizes the sending and receiving of data between devices on a network |
| Router | A network device that connects multiple networks together |
| Speed | The rate at which a device sends and receives data, measured by bits per second |
| Switch | A device that makes connections between specific devices on a network by sending and receiving data between them |
| TCP/IP model | A framework used to visualize how data is organized and transmitted across a network |
| Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) | An internet communication protocol that allows two devices to form a connection and stream data |
| User Datagram Protocol (UDP) | A connectionless protocol that does not establish a connection between devices before transmissions |
| Wide Area Network (WAN) | A network that spans a large geographic area like a city, state, or country |
| Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) | A network protocol used to determine the MAC address of the next router or device on the path |
| Cloud-based Firewalls | Software firewalls that are hosted by the cloud service provider |
| Controlled zone | A subnet that protects the internal network from the uncontrolled zone |
| Domain Name System (DNS) | A networking protocol that translates internet domain names into IP addresses |
| Encapsulation | A process performed by a VPN service that protects your data by wrapping sensitive data in other data packets |
| Firewall | A network security device that monitors traffic to or from your network |
| Forward proxy server | A server that regulates and restricts a person’s access to the internet |
| Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) | An application layer protocol that provides a method of communication between clients and website servers |
| Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) | A network protocol that provides a secure method of communication between clients and servers |
| IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) | A set of standards that define communication for wireless LANs |
| Network protocols | A set of rules used by two or more devices on a network to describe the order of delivery of data and the structure of data |
| Network segmentation | A security technique that divides the network into segments |
| Port filtering | A firewall function that blocks or allows certain port numbers to limit unwanted communication |
| Proxy server | A server that fulfills the requests of its clients by forwarding them to other servers |
| Reverse proxy server | A server that regulates and restricts the internet's access to an internal server |
| Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) | A secure protocol used to transfer files from one device to another over a network |
| Secure shell (SSH) | A security protocol used to create a shell with a remote system |
| Security zone | A segment of a company’s network that protects the internal network from the internet |
| Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) | A network protocol used for monitoring and managing devices on a network |
| Stateful | A class of firewall that keeps track of information passing through it and proactively filters out threats |
| Stateless | A class of firewall that operates based on predefined rules and does not keep track of information from data packets |
| Subnetting | The subdivision of a network into logical groups called subnets |
| Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) | An internet communication protocol that allows two devices to form a connection and stream data |
| Uncontrolled zone | The portion of the network outside the organization |
| Virtual private network (VPN) | A network security service that changes your public IP address and masks your virtual location so that you can keep your data private when you are using a public network like the internet |
| Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) | A wireless security protocol for devices to connect to the internet |
| Active packet sniffing | A type of attack where data packets are manipulated in transit |
| Botnet | A collection of computers infected by malware that are under the control of a single threat actor, known as the “bot-herder" |
| Denial of service (DoS) attack | An attack that targets a network or server and floods it with network traffic |
| Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack | A type of denial of service attack that uses multiple devices or servers located in different locations to flood the target network with unwanted traffic |
| Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) | An internet protocol used by devices to tell each other about data transmission errors across the network |
| Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) flood | A type of DoS attack performed by an attacker repeatedly sending ICMP request packets to a network server |
| IP spoofing | A network attack performed when an attacker changes the source IP of a data packet to impersonate an authorized system and gain access to a network |
| On-path attack | An attack where a malicious actor places themselves in the middle of an authorized connection and intercepts or alters the data in transit |
| Packet sniffing | The practice of capturing and inspecting data packets across a network |
| Passive packet sniffing | A type of attack where a malicious actor connects to a network hub and looks at all traffic on the network |
| Ping of death | A type of DoS attack caused when a hacker pings a system by sending it an oversized ICMP packet that is bigger than 64KB |
| Replay attack | A network attack performed when a malicious actor intercepts a data packet in transit and delays it or repeats it at another time |
| Smurf attack | A network attack performed when an attacker sniffs an authorized user’s IP address and floods it with ICMP packets |
| Synchronize (SYN) flood attack | A type of DoS attack that simulates a TCP/IP connection and floods a server with SYN packets |
| Baseline configuration (baseline image): A documented set of specifications within a system that is used as a basis for future builds, releases, and updates | |
| Baseline configuration (baseline image): A documented set of specifications within a system that is used as a basis for future builds, releases, and updates | |
| Hardware: The physical components of a computer | Hardware: The physical components of a computer |
| Multi-factor authentication (MFA): A security measure which requires a user to verify their identity in two or more ways to access a system or network | Multi-factor authentication (MFA): A security measure which requires a user to verify their identity in two or more ways to access a system or network |
| Network log analysis: The process of examining network logs to identify events of interest | Network log analysis: The process of examining network logs to identify events of interest |
| Operating system (OS): The interface between computer hardware and the user | Operating system (OS): The interface between computer hardware and the user |
| Patch update: A software and operating system update that addresses security vulnerabilities within a program or product | Patch update: A software and operating system update that addresses security vulnerabilities within a program or product |
| Penetration testing (pen test): A simulated attack that helps identify vulnerabilities in systems, networks, websites, applications, and processes | Penetration testing (pen test): A simulated attack that helps identify vulnerabilities in systems, networks, websites, applications, and processes |
| Security hardening: The process of strengthening a system to reduce its vulnerabilities and attack surface | Security hardening: The process of strengthening a system to reduce its vulnerabilities and attack surface |
| Security information and event management (SIEM): An application that collects and analyzes log data to monitor critical activities for an organization | Security information and event management (SIEM): An application that collects and analyzes log data to monitor critical activities for an organization |
| World-writable file: A file that can be altered by anyone in the world | World-writable file: A file that can be altered by anyone in the world |
Created by:
Dianeadele