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The muscular pump that keeps blood flowing through blood vessels is the Blank______.
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Which portion of the circulatory system moves blood to and from the lungs?
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Unit 1 Chapter 19
Smartbook- The Circulatory System: Heart
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The muscular pump that keeps blood flowing through blood vessels is the Blank______. | heart |
| Which portion of the circulatory system moves blood to and from the lungs? | Pulmonary circuit |
| The outer wall of the pericardium is a sac called the Blank______. | fibrous pericardium |
| Which is the innermost layer of the heart wall? | Endocardium |
| The layer that lines the inner chambers of the heart is the ___________ | Endocardium |
| True or False: The cardiovascular system includes the heart and blood vessels. | True |
| Which circuit carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for gas exchange and returns it to the left atrium of the heart? | Pulmonary |
| The systemic circuit is | The systemic circuit is the portion of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. |
| Which is part of the aorta? Multiple choice question. Venous sinus Fossa ovalis Aortic arch | Aortic arch |
| The blood vessel that carries blood away from the left ventricle is the Blank______. | aorta |
| Place in order the three layers of the heart wall, listing the deepest layer first at the top. | Endocardium Myocardium Epicardium |
| Which layer lines the inner chambers of the heart? | Endocardium |
| Myocardium | The myocardium is the thick muscular layer of the heart. |
| Epicardium | The epicardium lies against the outer surface of the heart. |
| What is the earlike extension of each atrium called? | Auricle |
| The left and right ventricles are separated internally by the ___________ septum. | Interventricular |
| What are the internal ridges of myocardium found in the right atrium and auricle? | Pectinate muscles |
| Which describes the right ventricle of the heart? Multiple choice question. The right ventricle is inferior to the left ventricle. The right ventricle is inferior to the right atrium. The right ventricle is inferior to the apex. | The right ventricle is inferior to the right atrium. |
| The inferior vena cava is attached to which heart chamber? | Right atrium |
| The interventricular septum is between which of the following? | Left and right ventricles |
| Ventricles of the heart pump blood where? | Into arteries |
| Which valve is found between the right atrium and ventricle? | Tricuspid |
| Blood in the left atrium flows directly into the Blank______. | left ventricle |
| Pulmonary arteries are branches of the Blank______. | pulmonary trunk |
| True or False: The coronary blood vessels are part of the systemic circulation. | True They are the first blood vessels off the aorta and are part of the systemic circulation. |
| The lower chambers of the heart that pump blood to the lungs and to the body are the ____________. | ventricles |
| The posterior interventricular vein is located where? | In a groove between ventricles |
| The right AV valve is also called which of the following? | Tricuspid valve |
| Which artery travels under the left auricle and then divides into two branches? | Left coronary artery |
| The right atrioventricular valve has Blank______ cusps. | three |
| the correct flow of blood through the heart, immediately after it returns from the venous circulation? | Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle |
| The blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen only to the heart muscle make up the specific type of circulation called the ____________ circulation. | coronary |
| The first branches of the aorta are which of the following? Brachiocephalic artery Right and left coronary arteries Carotid arteries | Right and left coronary arteries |
| The posterior interventricular artery is a branch of which of the following? Multiple choice question. Left coronary artery Vena cava Right coronary artery Aorta | Right coronary artery |
| Which branch of the left coronary artery continues around to the posterior of the heart leading to the coronary sulcus? | Circumflex |
| Blood in the left atrium flows directly into the Blank______. | left ventricle |
| The coronary circulation is made up of which of the following? Blood vessels of the heart wall Left side of the heart Right side of the heart | Blood vessels of the heart wall |
| The posterior interventricular artery supplies blood to which area? | Posterior walls of ventricles |
| What is the benefit of having collateral circulation? | To provide alternative routes of blood flow |
| The right and left coronary arteries arise from the ascending _____________. | aorta |
| Contraction of the heart myocardium does what to coronary arteries? Multiple choice question. It dilates them. It squeezes them. | It squeezes them. |
| Which artery runs along the sulcus and supplies blood to the right atrium and SA node? | Right coronary |
| Which vein collects venous drainage from the anterior side of the heart and travels alongside the anterior interventricular artery? | Great cardiac |
| Which artery is a branch of the right coronary artery and supplies the back walls of the ventricles? | Posterior interventricular artery |
| The posterior interventricular vein is also called which of the following? Middle cardiac vein Mitral vein Marginal vein | Middle cardiac vein |
| When two arteries or veins join, this is referred to as a(n) _______ | anastomoses |
| What is the ability to rhythmically depolarize without outside stimulation called? | Autorhythmic |
| The left and right coronary arteries arise from which blood vessel? | Aorta |
| When does blood flow through the coronary circulation increase? | Ventricular diastole |
| Cardiac muscle relies on which process the most to produce ATP? | Aerobic respiration |
| The blood vessel within the posterior interventricular sulcus on the back of the heart that collects venous drainage from the posterior portion of the heart is the posterior ____________ vein. | Interventricular |
| Which layer of the heart contains the cardiac conduction system? | Myocardium |
| Cardiocytes are described as _____________ because individual cells can depolarize on their own without outside stimulation. | Autorhythmic |
| Which term refers to relaxation of the heart? | Diastole |
| Systole | Systole refers to contraction of the heart. |
| The right and left coronary arteries arise from the ascending __________ | aorta |
| Cardiac muscle requires oxygen and therefore relies on __________ respiration to produce ATP. | Aerobic |
| What is the normal heartbeat set by the SA node called? | Sinus rhythm |
| The pacemaker potential is also called which of the following? | Prepotential |
| The heartbeat is coordinated by the cardiac __________ system. | Conduction |
| Why is a delay of signal at the AV node important? | It gives the ventricles time to fill with blood. |
| Diastole means which of the following? Relaxation Contraction | relaxation |
| Depolarization of a cardiocyte is due to the opening of ___________ channels. | sodium |
| The first branches of the aorta are which of the following? | Right and left coronary arteries |
| Which is a recording of all nodal and myocardial action potentials in the heart? HMRI EEG MRI ECG | ECG |
| When the AV node acts as pacemaker, the slower heartbeat has what type of rhythm? Sinus Nodal | Nodal |
| What is the relationship between pressure and volume? They are directly proportional. They are inversely proportional. | They are inversely proportional. If they were directly proportional, that would mean when temperature is constant, pressure and volume could both go up or down at the same time. |
| A spontaneously developing local potential that generates action potentials in the SA node is called what? | Pacemaker potential |
| Impulse conduction through the cardiac conduction system is slowest through the _____________ node, allowing a pause between atrial contraction and ventricular contraction. | AV or atrioventricular |
| Which instrument allows auscultation of heart sounds? | Stethoscope |
| The initial depolarization of a cardiocyte is due to opening of which channels? | Sodium |
| Which best represents the correct order of the following events?1. Isovolumetric relaxation2. Ventricular filling3. Isovolumetric contraction4. Ventricular ejection | 2,3,4,1 Ventricular filling Isovolumetric contraction Ventricular ejection Isovolumetric relaxation |
| To record an electrocardiogram, what must be attached to the skin of a patient? | Electrodes |
| Which autonomic system(s) innervate(s) the heart? Only sympathetic nerves Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves Only parasympathetic nerves | Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves |
| As a heart chamber contracts, what happens to the pressure of the fluid within it? | It increases. |
| What is the volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in one minute? | Cardiac output |
| The pacemaker potential is also called which of the following? | Prepotential |
| Heart rate is most easily measured by which technique? Taking a person's pulse Using a blood pressure cuff Doing an EKG | Taking a person's pulse |
| The process of listening to sounds made by the body is called | Auscultation |
| Starting with the return of blood to the heart at the top, place the major phases of the cardiac cycle in order. | Ventricular filling isovolumetric contraction ventricular ejection isovolumetric relaxation |
| A resting heart rate below 60 bpm is known as __________. | Bradycardia |
| The heart receives parasympathetic innervation through which cranial nerve? | Vagus nerve |
| The amount of tension in the ventricular myocardium immediately before it begins to contract is known as the _____________ | preload or prelpoad |
| What is the average cardiac output of a person at rest? | 5,250 mL per minute |
| Which condition involves inadequate blood flow to the myocardium and can lead to myocardial infarction? | Myocardial ischemia |
| Which of the following can be obtained by taking a pulse at a point where an artery runs close to the body surface? | Heart rate |
| Tachycardia is which of the following? Multiple choice question. A decreased breathing rate An increased breathing rate A decreased heart rate An increased heart rate | An increased heart rate Tachycardia is a persistent, resting adult heart rate above 100 bpm. |
| What is a persistent, low resting heart rate below 60 bpm called? | Bradycardia |
| An increase in venous return would ______ preload. | increase |
| Inadequate blood flow to the myocardium of the heart is clinically referred to as myocardial __________. | Ischemia |
| A patient presents with a persistently elevated heart rate of over 100 bpm. This clinical condition is known as ___________ | Tachycardia |
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