Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Vocab: U3
Vocabulary for Chemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Democritus | Greek philosopher(born c. 460-c.270 BC). Only fragmants of his work survive; first to describe invisible 'atoms" as the basis of all matter. His atoms anticipated those discovered by 20th-century scientists |
| atom | A unit of matter, the smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element and consisting of a dense, central, positively charged nucleus surrounded by a system of electrons. |
| atomos | Greek word meaning indivisible or not able to be cut |
| Aristotle | Greek philosopher who did not fallow the teachings of Democritus. Believed in the four earthly elements(fire, earth, air, and water), and proposed a fifth heavenly element(aether) |
| Dalton | English Scientist(1766-1844). One of the first to decide that all matter is made up of asmall particles, or atoms. |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | The Notion that mass, or matter, can neither be created nor destroyed. Reactions and Interactions that change the properties of substances leave unchanged their total mass. |
| Example of Law of Conservation of Mass | when chorcoal burns, the mass of all the products of combustion, such as ashes, soot, and gases, equals the original mass of charcoal and the oxygen with which it reacted |
| Law of Definite Proportions | elements composing a compound are always present in the same proportions by mass |
| Law of Multiple Proportions | law stating that when two elements can combine to form more than one compound the amounts of one of them that combined with a fixed amount of the other will exhibit a simple multiple relation |
| Rutherford | New Zealan physicist(1871-1937) that named the nucleus and proton and won the 1908 Nobel prize in chemistry |
| Nucleon | A proton or a nuetron, especially as part of an atomic nucleus. |
| proton | A stable, positively charged subatomic particle having a mass 1,836 times that of the electron |
| nuetron | An electrically nuetral subatomic particle having a mass 1,839 times that of the electron |
| electron | a stable subatomic particle having a rest mass of 9.1066 x 10 to the -28th power grams and a unit negative electric charge of approximately 1.602 x 10 to the - 19th power coulombs |
| Isotope | One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number, but different mass numbers, due to a different number of neutrons in the nucleus |
| mass number | The sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus |
| photon | the quantum of electromgnetic energy, regarded as a discrete particle having zero mass, no electric charge, and an indefinitely long lifetime |
| spectroscopy | Study of spectra, especially experimental observation of optical spectra |
| quantum number | A set of real numbers assigned to a physical system that individually characterize the properties and ccollectively specify the state of a particle or of the system |
| orbital | The wave function of an electron in an atom or moleculre, indicating the electron's probable location |
| sublevel | One or more orbitals in the electron shell of an atom |
| Hund's Rule | If two or more orbitals of equal energy are available, electrons will ocupy them singly before filling them in pairs |
| Pauli Exclusopn Principle | No two electrons may simultaneously occupy the same quantum state |
| Aufbau Principle | determines the electron configuration of an atom, molecule, or ion. A hypothetical process in which an atom is "built up" by progressively adding electrons that assume their most stable state. |
| Aufbau Principle | electrons fill orbitals at the lowest possible energy states before filling higher states. (1's before 2's). |
| Model | A familiar idea used to explain unfamiliar facts observed in nature |
| Theory | An explanation of observable facts and phenomena |
| Models and theories must_________all known_______ and enable______-to make correct___________ | Models and theories must explain all known facts and enable scientists to make correct predictions |
| Nuetral Atom | contains the same number of protons as electrons |
| Negatively Charged Ion | when an atom gains one or more electrons |
| positively charged ion | when an atom loses on or more electrons |
| Molecule | A single particle of a compound |
| Neils Bohr | A Danish physicist that improved Rutherford's model by applying quantum theory |
| Max Plank | A german physicist who proposed that energy had to be quantized in order to explain a fault in the model of the atom. He gave rise to quantum mechanics. |
| J.J Thomson | Discovered the electron and proposed the plum pudding model of the atom. |
| atomic number | number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| atomic mass | average of the masses of the elements isotopes |
| Ground State | the lowest energy arrangement of electrons |
| Excited Atom | an atom that has absorbed energy and is in an unstable state. |
| Wevelength | the distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves |
| Frequency | the number of waves passing a given point in a given time |
| Wavelength times frequency | the speed of light(c) |
| SuPer Dim Flashlight | s, p, d, f |
Created by:
ii_UnkownWaterz
Popular Chemistry sets