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Chemistry
Paper 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an electrolyte? | A liquid or solution that contains an ionic compound. The ions are free to move |
| What is electrolysis? | The breaking down of a substance using electricity |
| What are electrodes usually made out of? | Carbon |
| Why are electrodes usually made of carbon? | It is inert, meaning it won't take place in the reaction |
| In electrolysis, is the ion that gains electrons oxidised or reduced? | Reduced |
| In electrolysis, why does the compound you're trying to separate need to be molten or dissolved? | So the ions are free to move around |
| How do we turn bauxite into molten aluminium oxide? | 1. Purify aluminium oxide from bauxite 2. Mix aluminium oxide with cryolite mineral, which lowers melting point 3. Melt aluminium oxide |
| Ionic ions only conduct electricity when ____________ or ____________ | molten, in solution |
| Metals have a ________ structure of positive ions, surrounded by _____________________ | giant, a sea of delocalised electrons |
| What does it mean to say metals are malleable? | The layers of ions can slide over each other, meaning metals can be hammered or rolled into flat sheets |
| What formula is used to find the concentration of a solution? | Concentration = number of moles/volume of solution |
| How many centimetres is 1dm3? | 1000cm3 |
| How do you convert the concentration of a solution in mol/dm3 to g/dm3? | Moles x RFM |
| One mole of any gas always occupies _____dm3 at room temperature | 24 |
| What formula can be used to find the volume of any gas at room temperature? | Volume (dm3) = moles of gas x 24 |
| What is the main problem iron has? | It corrodes (rusts) easily |
| Why is copper good for use in electrical components? | It has low resistance, making it efficient at transferring electricity |
| What colour is phenolphthalein in alkailis/acids | pink/colourless |
| What is the general formula for alcohols? | CnH2n + 1 OH |
| Alcohols dissolve in water to form a solution with a pH of ___ | 7 |
| What is formed when an alcohol is oxidised? | A carboxylic acid |
| When potassium dichromate oxidises ethanol, what colour change occurs? | Orange to green |
| What two products does the combustion of alcohol form? | Carbon dioxide + water |
| What is the functional group of alcohols? | - OH |
| Ethene reacts with steam to make ethanol. This is an ___________ reaction, as water is added | addition |
| When producing ethanol, what is used as a catalyst? | Phosphoric acid |
| In fermentation, sugar is converted into ethanol using _________ | yeast |
| Give 3 uses of ethanol | 1. It is used as a chemical feedstock to produce other organic compounds 2. It can be burned to be used as biofuel 3. It can be used to make alcoholic drinks |
| What is the functional group of carboxylic acids? | -COOH |
| All carboxylic acids have names ending in what? | -anoic acid |
| The salts formed by carboxylic acids have names ending in what? | -anoate |
| What is the functional group of esters? | -COO- |
| Name two properties of esters | 1. Evaporate easily 2. Pleasant, fruity smell |
| To make an ester, we need a ______________ and a _____________ | carboxylic acid, alcohol |
| What is the by-product of the reaction that makes esters? | Water |
Created by:
JoeMather
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