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Unit 5 APUSH Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| HintonHelper | southerner- wrote The Impending Crisis of the South (1857) & said that non-slave holding white were the ones who suffered most from slavery (supposed the Free-Soilers) book was banned in the south |
| SojournerTruth | born into slavery in NY but later emancipated-- she spoke out against slavery (gave the perspective of a black woman in her Ain't I a Woman speech) |
| FrederickDouglass | runaway slave; gained fame b/c of his autobiography depicting slavery (was an abolitionist (wrote in newspaper); unofficially advised Lincoln in Civil War; later became advocate for reconstruction and held various government positions |
| AngelinaGimke | born into very wealth slave-owning family in SC, one of very few abolitionists who grouw up in elite southern society; moved north and became actively involved in the abolitionist and women's rights movements |
| HarrietBeecherStowe | from Cincinnati, Ohio; wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin (1856) that told of the suffering of slaves and called upon whites to do their Christian duty to end slavery |
| JohnBrown | an abolitionist who used religion and violence in his struggle against slavery;Bleeding Kansas, he attacked and killed pro-slavery men;3 years later led a failed attack on federal gun store in VA w/ intent of distributing guns and starting slave rebellion |
| DredScott | slave who sued for his freedom on land where his owner had taken him to live (where slavery was illegal); Scott vs Stanford (1857) case failed (Supreme Court said blacks were not US citizens & declared fed gov't had not const. right to ban slavery) |
| RogerTaney | from MD, Chief Justice of Supreme Court during Scott vs Stanford &wrote the majority opinion declaring blacks were not US citizens and that the fed gov't had not authority to limit where slavery was legal |
| RobertELee | head general of the Confederacy during Civil War-- won many battles and was very feared by Union forces; but couldn't win key battles at Antietam & Gettysburg (when he decided to invade the North) |
| UlyssesSGrant | rising from realative obscurity, Grant was eventually promoted to head general for Union military upon which he finally defeated Lee's army & ended the war; post war became Republican president during Reconstruction |
| JeffersonDavis | longtime member of US senate from MS, became president of Confederacy during the war; attempted to steer a decentralized gov't during wartime b/c southerners thought federal power was a danger to their way of life (limited what he could do as president) |
| GeorgeBMcClellan | first head general of Union army; frustrated Lincoln w/ his caution in pursuing the war; was finally fired by Lincoln (he then ran for president in 1864 on promises of making peace w/ south-- he lost to Lincoln) |
| ClementLVallandighan | Democratic OH ex-congressman who made very anti-gov't, anti-war speeches during Civil War; accused of treason, found guilty by military & imprisoned; Lincoln changed his sentence & banished him to the confederacy |
| ThaddeusStevens | Radical Republican congressman (was abolitionist & reconstruction supporter); wanted to punish ex-confederates after the war & to ensure black rights; led the charge to impeach President Andrew Johnson in 1868 |
| AmericanAnti-SlaverySociety | (founded 1833); most well-organized abolitionist group in US; had 150,000 members 1840 (1% of pop.); gained members through religious groups, philanthropic organizations, & free black population |
| FreeSoilParty | political party that (unlike Christian anti-slavery societies) was founded to express the economic damage that slavery was doing to white men by reducing their wages & their competitiveness on the market |
| CompromiseOf1850 | compromise between pro- & anti-slavery forces where: CA joined Union as a free state, UT & NM territories chose slavery or no w/ popular vote (both chose yes); South also go a tougher Fugitive Slave Law |
| PopularSovereignty | concept first promoted by Democrat Lewis Case of MI said that the people should decide whether a place should allow slavery or not (previously Congress had decided) |
| Kansas-NebraskaAct | (1854) congress passed a law allowing KS to join the Union w/ slavery being decided w/ pop sovereignty-- pro- & anti-slavery groups descended and tried to skew the votes; result was the creation of two gov'ts & a statewide civil war known as "Bleeding KS" |
| American/Know-NothingParty | political party made up of nativists who saw immigrants (esp Catholic ones) as a threat to "Americanism"; party was very secretive & had the slogan "Americans Must Rule America" |
| Lincoln-DouglasDebate | (1858) Lincoln challenged Stephen Douglas for his Senate seat; had a series of very thoughtful debates over the issue of slavery; tho Lincoln lost the senate; this est. his reputation as a possible future president |
| Copperheads | during Civil War, this was a nickname for the "Peace" Democrats willing to negotiate w/ the Confederacy to end the war, give them independence, & allow slavery to continue in the South |
| NationalBankingAct | law that gave the banking system the ability to sell gov't bonds & establish a uniform paper currency ("greenbacks") which helped wartime economy & re-est. the federal banking system ended by Jackson (1836) |
| Freedman'sBureau | created near end of Civil War, federal agency was designed to assist freed slaves in their integration into American citizenship |
| BlackCodes | post Civil War, Southern states passed laws to limit freed slaves rights in order to keep them available as a cheap labor for Southern economy; banned Blacks from: serving on juries, voting, renting/owning land; led to Civil Rights Act to protect rights |
| Sharecropping | a system for keeping blacks indebted to white landowners; most freed slaves had only agri. skills & were pressured into very uneven contracts w/ white landowners (they would rent land & have to give white dude most of their crop every year) |
| MilitaryReconstructionAct | (1867) divided South into 5 districts regulated by the miliary under direction of Congress; Radical Republicans created it b/c of frustration w/ the way Jackson was running Reconstruction-- led to big #s of blacks registering to vote in the South |
| 13thAmmendment | outlawed legal slavery, except as punishment for a crime |
| 14thAmmendment | stated that citizenship belongs to those born in (or naturalized) in US, stated ALL gov'ts must give citizens "due process" under law before denying them life, liberty, or property |
| 15thAmmendment | (1870) gave all adult men (over 21) the constitutional right to vote |
Created by:
Ellingham