Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Unit 7 Quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Thermohaline circulation | large scale movement of ocean circulation, driven by temperature and salinity |
| The melting of Arctic ice has begun to change this pattern of ocean currents in the North Atlantic by... | adding freshwater and slowing this current |
| Ocean current change also mean a _____ in ice growth in the fall and ______ | delay, winter |
| Ocean current change also mean ice melt _____ in the spring, exposing more ______ & absorbing more _____ energy | faster, ocean, solar |
| Ocean current change also mean ________ in warmer water causing some areas to actually get ______ | decrease, colder |
| The biggest impact to melting Arctic ice on ocean currents would be to | the gulf stream |
| The addition of cold fresh water off Greenland would cause the gulf stream to _____ or even _____. | slow, stop |
| the heat from the _____ would not get carried up the _____ coast of the U.S. and over to Europe. Making areas _______. | equator, east, colder |
| Warming oceans melt the ______ _______ | ice shelf |
| gulf stream carries _______ water across Atlantic towards Europe | warm |
| In addition to melting ice, warming oceans also impact the ______________. | tropics. |
| Corals are among the ______ indicators of _________ change due to their extreme ______ to temperature changes | first, climate, sensitivity |
| Sea level ___, _______ impact, and altered _______ currents all contribute to a ________ in reefs | rise, storm, ocean, decline |
| however, coral ___________ has the deadliest impact on the world’s corals | bleaching |
| Coral bleaching is a | A stress response caused by a +2 degree change in temperature which |
| Coral bleaching causes corals to expel the _________ living in their _______, leaving a white ____________ ___________ structure | zooxanthellae, tissues, calcium carbonate |
| zooxanthellae provide ____ of food to the corals | 90% |
| Why do zooxanthellae leave? | Overwhelmed by light, they lose the ability to photosynthesize & feed the host, so the coral sense this and gets rid of them |
| When corals bleach, not ____, but they are under ____ stress and vulnerable to ______, ________, and death without the zoox. | dead. high, disease, starvation, |
| Coral bleaching will generally not _____ or ______ so if temperatures do not _____ then the corals cannot recover and die | grow, reproduce, cool |
| During the bleaching process some corals produce ______ _________ that act as chemical ________. | fluorescent pigments, sunscreen |
| ________ is the reef’s beautiful last-ditch effort to save itself | Fluorescing |
| Once the coral dies,______ ______ begins to grow on the _____ tissue and the surface of the corals become covered in ______ | fuzzy, microalgae., dead, algae |
| Steps of Coral Bleaching | 1. Healthy Coral, 2. Stressed Coral, 3. Bleached Coral, 4. Dead Coral |
| Healthy Coral is a ______ relationship between coral & zooxanthellae provides 90% ____, ____, & ___, Coral provides _& _ | symbiotic, food, color, O2, shelter, nutrients |
| Coral polyp only ____ of food | 10% |
| Zooxanthellae in coral ________ | tissue |
| Days – Weeks to _____ | bleach |
| Stressed coral Ocean temperature increase ____ degrees, causing stress and ______ get expelled from the coral | +2, Zoox. |
| Bleached coral is without ____ coral losses its _____ & turn white Coral also loses source of _____ | zoox., color, food |
| Bleached coral left vulnerable to ________, _______, & ________ | diseases, starvation, death |
| Corals can recover from bleaching if it is not _______ OR water temp returns ______ to normal | severe, quickly |
| Weeks – Months to ________ from _______ | recover, bleaching |
| Dead coral is ________ enough zoox. to provide food the coral soon ______ and dies | without, starves |
| In dead coral the tissue of the coral ________ | decomposes |
| On the dead coral he coral than becomes covered in ______ | algae |
| In dead coral the ________ _________ converted in algae | dead skeleton |
| Dead coral experienced prolonged _________ __________ | temperature stress |
| Days – Weeks for the ______ to die | coral |
| Florida Keys have already lost ________% to _______ % of its coral reefs | 80% - 90% |
| In 2005 the U.S. lost ____ of its corals in the Caribbean in ___ year | 1/2, 1 |
| Between 2016-2017 record temperatures declared it to be the ______ global bleaching event with Great Barrier Reef alone losing _____% of all corals. | 3rd, 29% |
| Not all bleaching events are due to ____ water | warm |
| Some bleaching can be from _______ and _______: chemicals being cared bleach corals near shore | runoff, pollutions, shore |
| Some bleachings can be from ______ to sunlight: high ______ can bleach corals in shallow water corals | overexposure, solar |
| Some bleaching can be from extreme _____ tides: exposure to air during ____ tides can bleach in shallow water corals | low, low |
| Weather | Short term atmospheric conditions at a specific point in time & location, can vary from day to day or time and location |
| Climate | Long term pattern of weather of a region over a long period of time (30 years or more) Average weather of an area over the year |
| Factors that influence climate is | topography, wind, sun gas in the atmosphere, nearness to wave, ocean currents |
| Factors that influence weather is | temperature, wind, rainfall/humidity |
| The earth’s climate is | solar powered (sun) |
| The absorbed sunlight powers ______, fuels the _____ cycle, melts ____ & ____, and warms the earth | photosynthesis, water, snow, ice, |
| This flow of Earth’s energy is knowns as | earth’s energy budget |
| Because the Earth is sphere in shape, it’s heated _____ | unevenly |
| This uneven heating causes ocean _______& climates to vary with latitude, these are referred to as zones of ______ | temperatures , climates, latitude |
| Tropical Zones: Warm weather _____ round. Area _____ and below the equator | year, above, |
| Temperate Zones: Warm _____ and cold _____ (four seasons) Areas between tropical and _____ regions (mid latitudes) | summers, winters, summers |
| Polar Zones: _____ year round. Areas ____ of the Arctic Circle and ____ of the Antarctic Circle. | cold, north, south |
| The climate of any area is determined by the Earth’s climate system, which contains: | Atmosphere, Oceans, Land , Vegetation & life , Ice, A change to any part of the system results in a change to that areas climate |
| The atmosphere and the ocean work non-stop to balance the heating of earth through: | Ocean currents , Water cycle , Wind This redistributes heat from the equator to the poles |
| Greenhouse effect | Within the atmosphere, some of the sun’s rays are absorbed & some radiates back into space, |
| The greenhouse effects is a natural process that _____ the Earth’s surface and makes it a ________ place to live. | warms, comfortable |
| Gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon ________, help ____ the heat just like the glass of a greenhouse | dioxide, trap |
| heat-trapping gasses are called | greenhouse gasses |
| These gases act like an ______ layer and ________ much of this heat Without it, the Earth would be extremely ______! | insulating, absorb, cold |
| gases occur naturally in the atmosphere and include Carbon Dioxide, ______ ,Ozone , CFC’s , _______ Vapour | methane, water, |
| NASA has observed _______ in the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere | increases |
| ____ much of these gasses can cause the Earth’s ________ to trap more heat causing Earth to _____ | too, atmosphere, warm |
| The Earth has been experiencing a warming trend over the past ____ years which is commonly known as global _______ | 100, warming |
| Global Warming is the excess buildup of carbon dioxide & _______ gasses in the atmosphere ______ in more heat and causing an increase in _____ and shifting ___ | greenhouse, trapping, temperature, weather patterns. |
| the largest factor is the releasing of stored carbon dioxide through the _____ of fossil fuels (oil, ____, gas) as well as ______ | burning, coal, deforestation |
| increase in food _____ due to a larger human _____ that adds to the increase of gasses like carbon dioxide and ______ as well as the increase in waste in ______ | production, population, methane, landfills |
| Global warming is an overall ______ in the Earth’s _______ temperature | increase, surface |
| As ____ emissions increase, they _____ heat from escaping, therefore the Earth begins to warm and the extra heat gets ______ by the ocean | carbon, block, absorbed |
| The ocean regulates climate, but it is also the world’s ______store of carbon (__%) | largest, 90 |
| This is why the ocean is called a “________ ________” & the _______ threatened by climate change | carbon sink, first |
| Climate change is the significant ___ term change in atmospheric conditions of Earth due to ____ activity, including _____ warming and other factors as a result | long, human, global |
| Effects and consequences of climate change: _____ weather, Warming ___, Melting of ___ ice, Rise in ____ level, Change to ocean _____ , Coral _____ , Ocean __ | Extreme, oceans, polar, sea, currents, Bleaching, acidification |
| Extreme weather - In the last decade there were ____ times more weather-related ____catastrophes. Ex: droughts, floods, more intense ______ | three, natural, hurricanes |
| The ocean absorbs most of the _____ heat from greenhouse gas emissions (____) which leads to a rise in sea ______ or warming _____ | excess, CO2, temperature, oceans |
| This extra heat causes polar ice ____, changes to ocean _______, and coral ______ | melt, currents, bleaching |
| Warming oceans are ______ polar ice at an _______ rate. | melting, alarming |
| Arctic ice is melting at ___% per _____. At this rate the Arctic could be iceless by ______ | 13, decade, 2040 |
| The ______ & ______ act as Earth’s air ______ system, regulating global ______ and keeping the planet cool | Arctic, Antarctic, conditioning, climate |
| Sea ice includes | sea ice, icebergs |
| Land ice includes | ice cap, glaciers, ice sheet ice shelf |
| Sea ice | free- floating ice |
| Icebergs | are broken or calved pieces of glaciers drifting in the ocean |
| ice cap | is a thick layer of ice & snow that forms a glacier |
| glaciers | are large masses of slowly moving ice that form over land |
| ice sheet | is a mass of glacial ice & snow |
| ice shelf | floating ice attached to the land |
| Sea ice & Icebergs exist in the _____while glaciers & ice caps/sheets exist on _____ | ocean, land |
| All of these types of ice are ______ surfaces which help _____ light back out into space | bright, reflect |
| As the oceans continue to ______, it gradually melts the ice | warm |
| As the ice melts, it _______ the bright surfaces that reflect the light back into space, Therefore more _____ energy is absorbed and more ice is ____ | reduces, solar, lost |
| Ice melt = decreases ______ by adding cold freshwater, altering _______ circulation (temperature/salinity) | salinity, thermohaline |
| Calving | breaking of ice from a glacier |
| Warming oceans melt under | ice shelf |
| With less ____ ice, animals that depend on it for survival must adapt or die. | sea |
| Loss of ice means trouble for _____ bears, walruses, _____, arctic ____, snowy owls, reindeer, & many other species | polar , seals, foxes, |
| Effects on wildlife: Need ice platforms to ___ and _____ | hunt, breed |
| Effects of wildlife: Individuals travel _____ distances in open water which uses vital _____ reserves | longer, energy |
| Effects of wildlife: _____ to new habitats | Relocate |
| Effects on wildlife: reduce ability to ______ from predators | hide |
| In addition to sea ice melt, global ______ rise is also melting _____ based ice like glaciers | temperatures, land |
| Melting land based ice also impacts ______, changes ocean _____, but also increasing sea ______ | climate, currents, levels |
| Ice is melting faster than _____, and the loss of ice has been greatest on ______s and in _________ | snowfall, mountain, Greenland |
| Antarctica also shows evidence of melt, but seems less disturbed than the _____ | Arctic |
| The rate of ice water flowing towards the ocean has _______in both the ______ & _______ regions leading to a _____ in sea level | increased , Arctic, Antarctic, rise |
| As this land based ice melts, fresh water is _____ into the ocean, gradually _____ the sea level. | added, raising |
| Sea level rise is driven by the ______ ocean and the melting of _____ based ice | warming, land |
| The amount of ice on land changes with the _____, but overall global ______has begun to disturb this equilibrium. | seasons, warming |
| With the continued ocean and atmospheric _______, sea levels will continue to rise at _____ rates | warming, faster |
| In the U.S. alone, ___% of the population live in _____ areas where sea levels play a role in ______, ______, and storm impact | 40, coastal, flooding, erosion. |
| A major focus of sea level rise in the U.S. is centered around _____, particularly _____ Florida and Miami | Florida, South |
| The melting of land-based ice contributes to: Sea level ____: water added to the ocean which was originally on ______ | rise. land |
| he melting of land & sea ice contributes to: Exposes _____ surfaces which absorb more _____ | dark, heat |
| The melting of land & sea ice contributes to: _____ in ocean salinity which changes ocean ______ or ________ circulation | Decrease, currents, thermohaline |
| In addition to bleaching, corals also suffer from ocean ________. | acidification |
| Ocean acidification is caused by the _____ in carbon dioxide which gets _____ by the ocean or “carbon sink | increase, absorbed |
| ocean acidification is the reduction of ocean ____ due to extra ____ in the ocean that gets converted into carbonic ____ making the ocean more _____. | pH, CO2, acid, acidic |
| Ocean Acidification has significantly reduce the ability of ________ ______ corals to produce their _____ as well as successful _______ of coral larvae | reef-building, skeletons, fertilization |
| ocean acidification also prevents corals from _______ from a bleaching event | recovering |
| Continued ocean acidification _____ carbonic acid which in turn makes it difficult for organisms to build their _____ or _____ due to the lack of __carbonate | increases, skeletons, shells, calcium |
| Remember Calcium ____ is the building blocks of skeletons and shells for many marine organisms | carbonate |
| Ocean acidification affects ______, clams, _____ urchins, _____ and ______ water corals, _______ | oysters, sea, shallow, deep, plankton |
| Ocean acidification affects the ____ world’s oceans, including coastal _______ | entire, estuaries, |
| Many economies and people worldwide are ______ on fish and ______ as their primary source of protein and _____ | dependent, shellfish, money |
| If organisms are not able to _____ & reproduce we will see a decline in _____ | grow, food |
| Coral bleaching is due to a _____ in ocean temperature | rise |
| Climate change could result in a ____ extinction of wildlife. It affects many species of plants and animals in all types of habitats. (changing _______) | mass, temperature |
| Melting polar ice ____, ocean ______, sea level _____, and global _____ are all examples of climate change. | caps, acidification, rise, warming |
| Climate change is a long-term change in the Earth’s climate, but now it refers to changes caused by ______ activities | human |
| Humans are adding more _______ gases to the atmosphere which is amplifying the greenhouse ________ | greenhouse, effect |
| Concerns about warming trends can be significantly reduced simply by ______ the use of fossil ______ and relying more on _______ energy | decreasing, fuels, renewable |
| Reducing the impacts of climate change can include: Plants & phytoplankton – all plants and plankton use _____ dioxide to create _____ | carbon, energy |
| Reducing the impacts of climate change can include: Reduce the amount or type of _____ you ____ | meat, eat |
| Reducing the impacts of climate change can include: Reduce ______ of products – purchase or buy _______ friendly | consumption, environmentally |
| How to help: ____ or cycle more, turn ____ and other electronics off, _____ bags and water bottles, _____ reuse, _____, eat ____ meat, ______ energy, spread the ____ | walk, lights, reusable, reduce, recycle, less, renewable, word |
Created by:
AlanaRam1