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Math Review Gr. 6-8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Area | The measure (usually in square units) of the interior region of a two-dimensional figure |
| Center of Rotation | A fixed point around which a geometric figure is rotated or turned. |
| Circumference | The distance around a circle |
| Circumference | Formula: 2 π r or π d |
| Coefficient | A numerical factor in a term containing variables |
| Coefficient | 3xy2 : 2 is an exponent; x and y are variables, 3 is a ______________________ |
| Common factor | An integer that is a factor of two or more numbers |
| Complementary angles | Any two angles such that the sum of their measures equals 90 degrees. |
| Composite number | Any whole number with more than two factors |
| Cone | A three-dimensional figure that consists of a circular face (the base), a point not in the plane of the base (the vertex), and a lateral surface that connects the vertex to each point on the boundary of the base |
| Congruent figures | Two or more geometric figures that have the same size and shape |
| Decagon | A polygon with 10 sides |
| Diagonal | A line segment between non-consecutive vertices in a polygon |
| Diameter | A cord that contains the center of a circle |
| Equilateral triangle | A triangle with three congruent sides and three congruent angles;each angle measures 60º |
| Equivalent | Equal in value |
| Formula | An equation that shows the relationship between two or more quantities |
| Greatest Common Factor | The greatest number that is a factor of two or more numbers |
| Heptagon | A polygon with 7 sides |
| Hexagon | A polygon with 6 sides |
| Hypotenuse | In any right triangle, the side opposite the right angle |
| Inequality | A mathematical sentence that compares two expressions that may or may not be equivalent; uses one of these symbols ≠, ≤, ≥, <, > |
| Integer | The set of whole numbers and their opposites{… -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 …} |
| Irrational Number | A number that cannot be written as the ratio of two integers; when written as a decimal, the digits neither terminate nor repeat |
| isosceles triangle | A triangle with at least two congruent sides |
| Least Common Multiple | The smallest non-zero number that is a multiple of two or more numbers |
| Mean | A measure of central tendency which is affected by all data points (with the possible exception of outliers); calculated by finding the sum of the data values and dividing by the number of data points |
| Median | A measure of central tendency that occupies the middle position of a data set in ranked order |
| Mode | A measure of central tendency that is the most frequently occurring value |
| Measures of Central Tendency | Descriptive statistics that describe the center of the data set;mean, median and mode |
| Nonagon | A polygon with 9 sides |
| Natural Numbers | The counting numbers; the positive whole numbers; a positive integer |
| Octagon | A polygon with 8 sides |
| Odd Integer | Any integer that, when divided by 2, does not have an integer as the quotient |
| Ordered pair | A pair of numbers used to locate a point in a coordinate plane; the pair is written in the form (x-coordinate, y-coordinate) |
| Origin | In a coordinate plane, the point at the intersection of the x- and y-axes;the point (0, 0) |
| Outcome | In a probability experiment, the result of an event |
| Outlier | Any value in a set of data that is notably farther from the mean than the other data |
| Parallelogram | Any quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel |
| Pentagon | A polygon with five sides |
| Percent | Per one hundred; a special ratio in which the denominatoris always 100 |
| Perfect Square | Any natural number that can be expressed as a natural number multiplied by itself such as 25 = 5 x 5 |
| Perimeter | The distance around a geometric figure |
| Perpendicular Lines | Two lines that intersect to form right angles |
| Pi | The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter; approximately 227; decimal approximation 3.14 |
| Polygon | A simple, closed, plane figure with three or more sides that are line segments |
| Polyhedron | A three-dimensional geometric figure with polygonal faces |
| Prime Number | A natural number with exactly two factors (itself and one) |
| Proportion | A statement of equality between ratios |
| Pyramid | A polyhedron with a polygonal base, triangular faces and a vertex |
| Pythagorean Theorem | A theorem defining the relationship between the lengths of the three sides of a right triangle;a2 + b2 = c2 where a and b are the lengths of the legs of the right triangle and c is the length of the hypotenuse |
| Quadrilateral | A polygon with four sides |
| Ratio | A comparison of any two quantities; may be expressed as a : b or a to b or ab |
| Rational Numbers | The set of numbers that can be expressed as a ratio of two integers |
| Reflection | A transformation in which all points under than transformation are mirrored over a line |
| Rhombus | A parallelogram with four congruent sides |
| Sample Space | The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment |
| Scientific Notation | A standardized way of writing real numbersin the form a x (10 to a certain power) |
| Similar | Having the same shape but not necessarily the same size |
| Set | A group of numbers, variables, geometric figures or anything else |
| Supplementary Angles | Two angles with measures adding to 180º |
| Surface Area | The total area of the exterior of a three-Dimensional geometric figure; the lateral area added to the area of the base |
| Terms | Parts of an expression separated by + or - signs |
| Theoretical Probability | The ratio of the number of expected outcomes |
| Transformation | Operations that alter the location or form of a figure |
| Translation | A transformation in which a geometric figure Is moved to another location without changing its size (isometry) or orientation |
| Trapezoid | A quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides |
| Variable | A symbolic representation used to denote a quantity or expression; in mathematics, an “unknown” quantity that has the potential to change |
| Vertical Angles | Angles formed by intersecting lines.These angles have a common vertex and are congruent. |
| Volume | The total amount of space inside a three-dimensional object |
| Whole numbers | Non-negative integers |
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