the purpose of the CPU

When data is input, this is used to PROCESS it ready for outputting and perform any calculations.

sorting , searching, calculations, decisions

Von Neumann architecture

This is used to describe what the CPU is made up of (EG MAR , MDR)

MAR (Memory Address Register)

Holds the address we need to fetch the instruction from (in RAM)OPERAND

MDR (Memory Data Register)

Holds the data/instructions in that address(in RAM)OPCODE

Address of the NEXT instruction to be fetched (from RAM)

Holds the current running total of any executations (E.G 5+5 would hold 10)

common CPU components

- Common parts in the CPU such as "ALU , CU, MAR, MDR"

ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)

part of the CPU Used to perform calculations such as SEARCH, SORT

Acts as the “boss” and sends signals to control parts of the CPU

Small amount of FAST memory holding frequently used instructions

Fetch an instruction, decode (understand) and instruction and then execute (Run) the instruction

What can improve CPU performance

higher clock speed, more cache memory, faster cache memory and more cores

This is how many instructions per second a CPU can do (measured in Ghz) - the faster the better! Ghz = The number of ticks per second. 1 GHZ = 1 billion ticks per second. A tick is single run of the fetch decode execute cycle.

This is the amount of memory the cache (Short term quick memory) there is... more the better!

How many brains a CPU has (single core is 1, Dual core is 2, Quad core is 4) - the more the better!

An appliance used in everyday life (such as a washing machine, dishwasher, Air-con, security alarm , Smart Watch)

purpose of embedded systems

To allow people to perform simple tasks with a machine doing it for them (EG Press wash, the washing machine does the rest!)

examples of embedded systems

washing machine, dvd player, air-con, security alarm, dishwasher

The number of ticks per second. 1 GHZ = 1 billion ticks per second. A tick is single run of the fetch decode execute cycle.

A single piece of volatile memory that contains one piece of data - The maR , mdR , program counter, accumulator

Advantages of embedded system

No expert knowledge needed - press a button it does it for you! | Can be "scheduled" to perform a task at a certain time | An unexperienced user cannot accidentally place errors in the code

Disadvantages of embedded system

Uses a ROM CHIP - You cannot make changes to how the system works (even if you want to!) | If it breaks, an expert will need to come and fix it | usually uses low power CPU, low Cache, low memory etc

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Comp 1 - Topic 1

Question	Answer
the purpose of the CPU	When data is input, this is used to PROCESS it ready for outputting and perform any calculations.
jobs of the CPU	sorting , searching, calculations, decisions
Von Neumann architecture	This is used to describe what the CPU is made up of (EG MAR , MDR)
MAR (Memory Address Register)	Holds the address we need to fetch the instruction from (in RAM)OPERAND
MDR (Memory Data Register)	Holds the data/instructions in that address(in RAM)OPCODE
Program Counter	Address of the NEXT instruction to be fetched (from RAM)
Accumulator	Holds the current running total of any executations (E.G 5+5 would hold 10)
common CPU components	- Common parts in the CPU such as "ALU , CU, MAR, MDR"
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)	part of the CPU Used to perform calculations such as SEARCH, SORT
CU (Control Unit)	Acts as the “boss” and sends signals to control parts of the CPU
Cache	Small amount of FAST memory holding frequently used instructions
Fetch Execute cycle	Fetch an instruction, decode (understand) and instruction and then execute (Run) the instruction
What can improve CPU performance	higher clock speed, more cache memory, faster cache memory and more cores
clock speed	This is how many instructions per second a CPU can do (measured in Ghz) - the faster the better! Ghz = The number of ticks per second. 1 GHZ = 1 billion ticks per second. A tick is single run of the fetch decode execute cycle.
cache memory	This is the amount of memory the cache (Short term quick memory) there is... more the better!
number of cores	How many brains a CPU has (single core is 1, Dual core is 2, Quad core is 4) - the more the better!
embedded systems	An appliance used in everyday life (such as a washing machine, dishwasher, Air-con, security alarm , Smart Watch)
purpose of embedded systems	To allow people to perform simple tasks with a machine doing it for them (EG Press wash, the washing machine does the rest!)
examples of embedded systems	washing machine, dvd player, air-con, security alarm, dishwasher
Ghz	The number of ticks per second. 1 GHZ = 1 billion ticks per second. A tick is single run of the fetch decode execute cycle.
Registers	A single piece of volatile memory that contains one piece of data - The maR , mdR , program counter, accumulator
Advantages of embedded system	No expert knowledge needed - press a button it does it for you! \| Can be "scheduled" to perform a task at a certain time \| An unexperienced user cannot accidentally place errors in the code
Disadvantages of embedded system	Uses a ROM CHIP - You cannot make changes to how the system works (even if you want to!) \| If it breaks, an expert will need to come and fix it \| usually uses low power CPU, low Cache, low memory etc

Created by: ametcalfecfs

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