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Rad concept
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| -Energy emitted and transferred through matter. -It the process of emission of energy by atoms, and the transmission of this energy through space. -may also be imagining as outward flow of energy from a source | RADIATION |
| CLASSIFICATION OF RADIATION | - IONIZING RADIATIONNON - IONIZING RADIATION |
| It is incapable of producing ions as it interacts or strikes matter. | NON-IONIZING RADIATION |
| a) Radio waves and radar (radio-detecting and ranging) b) Infrared (e.g. heat stoves and radiators) c) Visible lightd) Ultraviolet light | Examples of non-ionizing radiation classified according to increasing energy |
| Any kind of radiation capable of removing an orbital electron from an atom with which it interacts. is capable of producing ions as it interacts with matter, any type of energy or matter-energy combination capable of ionizing matter is known as | IONIZING RADIATION |
| ____ and ____ are the only forms of electromagnetic radiation with sufficient energy to ionize matter | X-rays, gamma rays |
| (particles with ____ ) are also capable of ionization. | high kinetic energy |
| Gamma rays, such as from radioactive substances like radium, cesium, and cobalt-60 source. X-rays Cosmic rays from outer space. | ionizing radiation according to increasing energy: |
| Matter that intercepts radiation and absorbs part or all of it. During a radiologic examination, the patient is exposed to x-rays, or, as some would say, thepatient is irradiated. | Expose or Irradiated |
| thereby producing an ion pair. when x-ray photon transfer its energy to an orbital electron and ejects that electron from the atom. | IONIZATION |
| The orbital electron and the atom from which it was separated. | Ion Pair |
| The orbital electron removed after ionization. | Negative lon |
| The remaining atom after ionization. | Positive lon |
| SOURCES OF IONIZING RADIATIONS | a) Natural Environmental Radiation (Background Radiation). 1. Internal background radiation 2. External background radiation B Man-made (artificial sources) |
| comes from outer space, the earth itself, the Air we breathe, our Food and Drink. the levels of radiations received by man from these sources are low and thereforenegligible. | Natural Environmental Radiation (Background Radiation). |
| Example potassium-40 occurring naturally in the body, Radon naturally occurring in the air and is ingested. | Internal background radiation |
| Examples cosmic rays from outer space, gamma rays from soil. | External background radiation |
| Examples, x-rays used for diagnosis (diagnostic x-rays) in medicine and dentistry, nuclear plantaccidents, atomic bomb tests and fall-out. | Man-made (artificial sources) |
| X-rays used in testing cracks or defects in metals, pipes, and aircraft Radioactive substances used in oil and other mineral exploration | Industrial |
| X-rays for verification of genuine articles like paintings and shroud of Turin. | Art and religious artifacts - |
| Nuclear warhead. | Warfare |
| 1. are electromagnetic radiation 2. are produced by electron bombarding a hard target. 3. is heterogeneous in nature 4. travels in straight lines 5. produce a variety of effect on the different kind of tissue cells 6. Biological effect of radiation 7. wil | PROPERTIES OF X-RAYS |
| HOW CAN TECHNOLOGIST CONTROL THE PRODUCTION OF X-RADIATION? | can be controlled by mastering the two-electrical circuit of the x-ray tube. The wavelength of the x-ray is controlled by the high-voltage circuit. It the applied high-voltage across the tube is reduce |
| relatively high energy photon with high frequency, short wavelength, high penetrating power and little absorption to the skin as compared with the interior structures | Hard X-Radiation |
| low energy photons with low frequency, long wavelength, less penetrating power andgreater absorption in the skin? They are produced by low generating power and lighter filter. | Soft X-Radiation |
| How Can One Detect the Presence of X-radiation? | 1. Photographically 2. Fluorescence 3. Ionization 4. Chemically 5. Physiologically |
| TYPES OF IONIZING RADIATION | Particulate and Electromagnetic radiation |
| Many subatomic particles can cause ionization. if they are in motion and possess sufficient kinetic energy. At rest, thecannot cause ionization. | PARTICULATE RADIATION |
| There are main types of particulate radiation: | Alpha particles and Beta particles. |
| is equivalent to a helium nucleus. It contains two protons and two neutrons. Its mass is approximately 4 amu, is large and exerts great electrostatic force. particles are emitted only from the nuclei of heavy elements. | Alpha Particle |
| They are light particles with an atomic mass number of 0 and carry one unit of negative or positive charge. The only difference between electrons and negative beta particles is their origin | Beta Particles |
| present everywhere and exists over a wide energy range.X-rays, visible light, and radiofrequencies are examples of electromagnetic energy. The properties include frequency, wavelength, velocity, and amplitude. | ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION |
| Field or state of energy which exists over a wide range of magnitudes called an energy continuum. | ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY |
| Is an uninterrupted (continuous) order sequence. | CONTINUUM |
| Is the smallest quantity of any type of electromagnetic energy, a small bundle of energy, sometimes called a quantum that travels through space at the speed of light. | PHOTON |
| It is a variation or disturbances that transfer radiant energy progressively from a point to point in amedium. | Wave |
| PROPERTIES OF SINE WAVES | AMPLITUDE WAVELENGTH FREQUENCY VELOCITY |
| The known electromagnetic spectrum has three regions most Important to radiologic science: | 1. Visible light, 2. X-radiation, and 3. Radiofrequency |
| Is not produced in photon form and does not have a constant velocity. Is a wave of moving molecules. requires matter; electromagnetic energy can exist in a vacuum. | Ultrasound |
| not a part of the electromagnetic spectrum. | Diagnostic ultrasound |
| Is composed of photons of a range of wavelengths, and the prism acts to separate and group theemerging light into colors because different wavelengths are refracted through different angles. | WHITE LIGHT |
| Occupies the smallest segment of the electromagnetic spectrum, and yet it is the only portion that we can sense directly. | VISIBLE LIGHT |
| Consists of photons with wavelengths longer than those of visible light but shorter than those of microwaves. heats any substance on which is shines. It may be considered radiant heat. | INFRARED LIGHT |
| is located in the electromagnetic spectrum between visible light and ionizing radiation. It is responsible for molecular interactions that can result in sunburn. | ULTRAVIOLET |
Created by:
ai.ie