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Bureaucracy Vocab
AP Government and Politics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Federal Bureaucracy | The departments and agencies within the executive branch that carry out the laws of the nation. |
| Bureaucrat | An official employee within a government bureaucracy |
| Pendleton Act | An act of congress that created the first U.S. Civil Service Commission to draw up an enforce rules on hiring, promotion, and tenure of office within the civil service (also known as the Civil Service Reform Act of 1883) |
| Federal Civil Service | The merit-based bureaucracy, excluding the armed forces and political appointments. |
| Spoils System | A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends. |
| Merit System | A system of hiring and promotion based on competitive testing results, education, and other qualifications rather than politics and personal concerns. |
| Iron Triangle | Coordinated and mutually beneficial activities of the bureaucracy (federal department or agency), congress (congressional committee), and interest groups to achieve shared policy goals. |
| Issue Network | Webs of influence between interest groups, policymakers, and policy advocates. |
| Implementation | The bureaucracy's role in putting into action the laws that congress has passed. |
| Bureaucracy discretion | The power to decide how a law is implemented and what congress meant when it passed the law. |
| Regulation | The process through which the federal bureaucracy makes rules that have the force of law, to carry out the laws passed by congress |
| Bureaucratic adjudication | When the federal bureaucracy settles disputes between parties that arise over the implementation of federal laws or determines which individuals or groups are covered under a regulation or program. |
| Department | Usually the largest organization in government with the largest mission; also the highest rank in the Federal hierarchy. |
| Independent (stand-alone) agency | A government entity that is independent of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. |
| Independent regulatory commission | A government agency or commission with regulatory power whose independence is protected by congress |
| Government corporation | A government agency that operates like a business corporation, creased to secure greater freedom of action and flexibility for a particular program. |
| Hatch Act | Federal statue barring federal employees from active participation in certain kinds of politics and protecting them from being fired on partisan grounds. |
| Oversight | Legislative or executive review of a particular government program or organization. Can be in response to a crisis of some kind or part of routine review. |
| Public Policy | A specific course of action that government takes to address a problem. |
| Policy agenda | The list of issues that the federal government pays attention to. |
| Think tank | A nongovernmental organization that seeks to influence public policy through research and education. |
| Political patronage | Filing of administrative positions as a rewards for support, rather than solely on merit |
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