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SS French Revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three estates in France in 1789? | First estate: church/clergy Second estate: nobility Third estate: everyone else |
| How were the lifestyles of the three estates? | Clergy: rich, no taxes, privileged, luxorious Nobility: little financial income, no taxes, defended land Third estate: poor, high taxes, unemployed, starvation |
| What economic problems affected the third estate? | MAJOR debt High food prices High taxes Low wages |
| Why did the nobles and clergy demand that the king dismiss Jacques Necker and summon the Estates-General? | They wanted King Louis XVI as an absolute monarch in order to keep their privileges, which Jacques Necker wanted to take away. |
| What problem does deficit spending bring to a country's government spending? | Deficit spending means that the government is spending more money than it takes in, which leads to massive debt |
| What was the purpose of cahiers? | Cahiers were journals were the people wrote about their problems with the government. Their purpose was to show and list those problems. |
| What three factors led to the start of the French Revolution? | 1. Privileges of monarchs 2. The economic state of France (taxes, bread prices, wages, debt) 3. Influence of the American Revolution |
| What actions did delegates of the third estate take when the Estates-General met in 1789? | The National Assembly created the Tennis Court Oath which led to the Declaration of the Rights of Man being written and the storming of the Bastille. |
| What was the significance of the storming of the Bastille? | It represented the years of abuse the French people had endured by the monarchy and was a huge wake up call to Louis XVI. Huge turning point against the king and queen. |
| Why are the Parisian women so angry with the king and queen? | Because they lived a life of extravagance while they could barely afford to eat. They refused to leave until the King and Queen returned to Paris where they became prisoners. |
| Why did the peasants revolt against the nobles? | Because a great famine was coupled with higher food prices, raised taxes, lowered wages, and unemployment, so the peasants revolted by setting fire to records and stealing grain. |
| What are factions? Advantages? Disadvantages? | Dissenting groups of people. Jacobins and National Assembly. Advantage: Rally support to change things in the government and share ideas Disadvantage: Fighting among themselves (civil war) |
| Why did the nobles vote to end their privileges? | To avoid being killed during the revolution. |
| How did the Declaration of the RoM reflect Enlightenment ideas? | The Enlightenment introduced ideas such as social and religious equality and natural rights which were both mentioned and expanded upon in the Declaration. |
| How did the National Assembly react to peasant uprisings? | They agreed to give up their privileges. |
| What were 6 reforms made by the National Assembly? | 1-born and remain free and equal in rights 2-natural rights: life, liberty, property, resistance to oppression 3-religious freedom 4-equality in the eyes of the law 5-abolished feudalism 6-took away nobles' privileges |
| What 6 factors led to the radical phase of the revolution? | the king and queen fleeing, the emigres, the declaration of Pillnitz, food prices raising, French currency dropping in value, the Jacobins and Sans-culottes |
| What were the 4 provisions of the Constitution of 1791? | 1-french Catholic church under state control 2-dissolved convents and monasteries 3-limited monarchy 4-legislative body with the power to create laws, decide on issues of war and peace, and collect taxes |
| What 3 things occurred after the radicals took control of the Assembly? | the monarchy was abolished (king+queen executed) National Convention = new body of government established french republic |
| How did the Jacobins try to wipe out the old order? | by executing the king and queen to erase all memory of it |
| Why did the Convention create the Committee of Public Safety? | to make it LOOK like there is order in France, threaten the people, and keep everyone's heads "SAFELY" on their shoulders |
| Why did Robespierre think that the Terror was necessary to achieve the goals of the revolution? | Terror intimidates enemies and ensures order in the people. |
| What group of people took control of France after the Reign of Terror? | The Directory |
| What 5 changes occurred after the Reign of Terror ended? | 1- 1795 constitution was written 2- Directory was formed and held power until 1799 3- royalist feelings were suppressed 4- Napoleon Bonaparte became popular 5- Riots were suppressed |
| What 6 changes occurred in France after the Revolution? | Old social order ends titles are abolished monarchy was overthrown church now under state control tricolors nationalism |
| How did Napoleon rise to power so quickly in France? | He won over the people by using suffrage and nationalism and was chosen to be in the Directory, the Consulate, until finally he became sole leader. |
| What is the Napoleonic Code? | Equality of all citizens before the law, religious tolerance, abolition of feudalism, take away women's rights. |
| What 7 reforms did Napoleon introduce during his rise to power? | 1- strengthened central govnt 2- order, security, efficiency 3- controlled prices 4- public schools -> military schools 5- backed off Enlightenment reforms 6- jobs based on talent 7- Napoleonic Code |
| Explain the chief goal and outcome of the Congress of Vienna | Goal: to restore stability and order to Europe Outcome: redrew map of Europe, legitimate monarchs put back on the throne, Concert of Europe (Russia, Prussia, Austria, England meetings) |
| Bourgeoisie | middle class |
| Louis XVI | well-meaning but weak and indecisive leader |
| Jacques Necker | financial expert and advisor to Louis XVI |
| Estates-General | legislative body consisting of representatives of three estates |
| Bastille | a grim medieval fortress used as a prison for political and other prisoners |
| Marquis de Lafayette | moderate and aristocratic, fought with George Washington |
| Emigre | nobles, clergy, and others who told stories of fear and horror |
| Plebiscite | popular vote by ballot |
| Abdicate | step down briefly |
| Congress of Vienna | to restore stability and order to Europe. Lead by Russia, Britain, Austria, and Prussia |
| How might nationalism affect the future of the French Revolution? | "If we overthrew the monarchy once; we can do it again!" |
| What challenges threatened Napoleon's empire and what led to the disaster in Russia? | Challenges: the alliance between Russia, Austria, Prussia, and England Led to the Russia Disaster: scorched earth policy |
Created by:
CrabRang00n