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Chemistry Set 1

Includes review and items about matter

TermDefinition
accuracy The closeness of a measured value to the true or accepted value. It indicates how well an experimental result agrees with the theoretical or known value.
chemical property A characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to undergo chemical reactions and form new substances. Often observed during chemical reactions.
condensation The process by which a gas changes into a liquid. It is the reverse of vaporization. Typically occurs when a gas loses heat.
conductor A material that allows the flow of electric current. Substances that have high electrical conductivity.
density A physical property of matter that represents the mass of an object per unit volume.
deposition Refers to the phase transition in which a gas transforms directly into a solid without passing through the liquid phase. This is the opposite of sublimation.
ductile The property of a material that allows it to be drawn out into a thin wire without breaking. Characteristic of metals.
extensive Depends on the amount or size of the sample. Examples include mass, volume, and total energy. Extensive properties vary with the quantity of the substance.
freezing The process in which a liquid changes into a solid at a specific temperature, known as the freezing point. It is the opposite of melting.
gas One of the three common states of matter characterized by molecules that have relatively weak attractive forces, allowing them to move freely and occupy the entire volume of their container.
heat conductivity The ability of a material to conduct heat.
insulator A material that does not easily allow the transfer of heat or electricity. Have low electrical and thermal conductivity.
intensive Does not depend on the amount of the substance. Examples include temperature, density, and melting point. Intensive properties remain constant regardless of the quantity of the substance.
liquid One of the three common states of matter characterized by a definite volume but no definite shape. Take the shape of their container.
magnetic property The ability of a substance to be attracted to or repelled by a magnet. Due to the alignment of their atomic or molecular magnetic moments.
malleable The property of a material that allows it to be hammered, rolled, or pressed into thin sheets without breaking. Is a characteristic of metals.
matter Anything that has mass and occupies space. Exists in various states, including solid, liquid, and gas.
melting The process in which a solid changes into a liquid at a specific temperature, known as the melting point. It is the opposite of freezing.
metal An element characterized by its conductivity of heat and electricity, malleability, and typically a shiny appearance. Found on the left side of the periodic table.
metalloid An element with properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals. Found along the "staircase" on the periodic table.
nonmetal An element that typically lacks the properties of metals. Generally poor conductors of heat and electricity and are found on the right side of the periodic table.
phase change A transition between different states of matter, such as solid to liquid or liquid to gas.
physical property A characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's composition. Examples include color, density, and melting point.
precision The closeness of repeated measurements to each other. Indicates the reliability and consistency of a set of measurements.
salts Ionic compounds formed by the combination of an acid and a base. Composed of positive and negative ions.
solid One of the three common states of matter characterized by a definite shape and volume. Have a fixed and ordered arrangement of particles.
soluble Capable of being dissolved in a solvent. Substances that dissolve in a particular solvent are considered soluble in that solvent.
solute The substance that is dissolved in a solution. It is the component present in a smaller amount.
solvent The substance in which a solute dissolves to form a solution. It is the component present in a larger amount.
state of matter The physical form in which a substance exists, such as solid, liquid, or gas. Depends on factors like temperature and pressure.
sublimation The process by which a substance transitions directly from the solid phase to the gas phase without passing through the liquid phase. Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide subliming into carbon dioxide gas) is a common example.
vaporization The process by which a substance changes from a liquid or solid state to a vapor (gas) state. Includes both evaporation and boiling.
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