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Chapter 7 Med Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| arteriole | small artery |
| calciferol | active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney |
| calyx/calix (plural: calyces/calices) | Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis |
| catheter | tube for injecting or removing fluids |
| cortex | outer region of an organ |
| creatinine | nitrogenous waste excreted in urine, a product of muscle metabolism |
| creatinine clearance | measure of efficiency of the kidneys in removing creatinine from blood |
| electrolyte | chemical that carries electrical charge when dissolved in water, necessary for muscle and nerve functioning |
| erythropoietin (EPO) | Hormone secreted by kidney to stimulate production of RBCs. EPO stimulates RBC production by bone marrow and increases the amount of oxygen delivered to muscles |
| filtration | process where some substances, but not all, pass through a filter |
| glomerular capsule | enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus, also known as Bowman capule and collects the material filtered from blood |
| glomerulus (plural: glomeruli) | tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney |
| hilum | depression in kidney and lungs where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave |
| kidney | one of two bean-shaped organs that filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine |
| meatus | opening or canal |
| medulla | inner region of an organ |
| nephron | combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney |
| nitrogenous waste | substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine |
| potassium | electrolyte essential for muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses regulated by kidney so proper concentration is maintained in blood |
| reabsorption | process where renal tubules return necessary materials to the body via bloodstream |
| renal artery | blood vessel carrying blood to kidney |
| renal cortex | outer region of the kidney |
| renal medulla | inner region of kidney |
| renal pelvis | central collecting region in kidney |
| renal tubule | microscopic tube in kidney where urine is formed after filtration |
| renal vein | blood vessel carrying blood away from kidney |
| renin | enzyme secreted by kidney, raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction |
| sodium | electrolyte needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions regulated by kidneys |
| trigone | triangular area in the urinary bladder |
| urea | major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine |
| ureter | one of two tues leading from kidneys to urinary bladder |
| urethra | tube leading from bladder to outside of body |
| uric acid | nitrogenous waste excreted in urine |
| urinary bladder | hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine |
| urination (voiding) | process of expelling urine, can be called micturition |
| acute cystitis | acute inflammation of the bladder |
| nephroptosis | downward displacement of kidney when anatomic supports are weakened |
| nephropexy | surgical operation to put a "floating" kidney back into place |
| nephrolithotomy | incision into kidney to remove a stone |
| hydronephrosis | obstruction of urine flow may be caused by renal calculi, compression of ureter by tumor, or hyperplasia of prostate gland nephrostomy |
| nephrostomy | surgical opening from the kidney to outside of body |
| pyelolithotomy | surgical removal of a stone form the renal pelvis |
| colic | intermediate spasms of pain |
| ureteroileostomy | after removal of bladder, an isolated section of the ileum is used to carry urine from ureters to out of the body |
| cystectomy | removal of urinary bladder |
| urethral stricture | narrowing of the urethra |
| albuminuria | the presence of the protein albumin in urine |
| microalbuminuria | leakage of very small amounts of albumin through the glomeruli |
| azotemia | excess nitrogen in the blood |
| blood urea nitrogen (BUD) | measurement of urea levels in blood |
| uremia | a raised level of urea and nitrogenous waste in the blood |
| bacteriuria | presence of bacteria in urine, usually a sign of a UTI |
| urinary tract infection (UTI) | a bacterial infection of the urinary tract |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| hyperkalemia | excessive amounts of potassium in blood |
| ketosis/ketoacidosis | high amounts of ketone bodies, characterized by fruity breath |
| ketone bodies | acetone and ketoacids |
| ketonuria | ketones in urine |
| hyponatremia | low levels of sodium in blood |
| nocturia | frequent, excessive urination at night |
| oligouria | production of abnormally small amounts of urine |
| lithotripsy | a technique to treat kidney stones by using sound shock waves to shatter the stones |
| enuresis | involuntary frequent urination at night |
| diuresis | increased urine |
| antidiuretic hormone | promotes reabsorbtion of water, known as vasopressin (ADH) |
| urinary retention | when outflow of urine from bladder is blocked |
| anuria | inablility to urinate |
| dysuria | abnormal urination |
| nocturia | voluntary frequent urination at night |
| hematuria | presence of blood in urine |
| glycosuria | presence of sugar in urine |
| polyuria | production of abnormally large amounts of dilute urine |
| glomerulonephritis | inflammation of glomeruli inside of kidney |
| interstitial nephritis | inflammation of connective tissue between renal tubules |
| nephrolithiasis | kidney stones |
| nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis) | group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine |
| polycystic kidney disease (PKD) | multiple fluid-filled sacs within and on the kidney |
| pyelonephritis | inflammation of renal lining and renal parenchyma |
| parenchyma | the functional tissue of an organ |
| renal cell carcinoma | cancer of the kidney in adulthood |
| Wilms tumor | cancer of the kidney in childhood |
| renal failure | decrease in excretion of wastedue to impaired filtration function |
| renal hypertension | high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease |
| bladder cancer | malignant tumor of the urinary bladder |
| diabetes insipidus (DI) | ADH not secreted or kidney resistance to ADH |
| diabetes mellitus (DM) | insulin is not secreted or tissues are insulin resistant |
| glomerular filtration rate (GFR) | efficiency of glomuli filtration |
| CT urography | X-ray images using a CT cross-section scan of the kidneys |
| KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder) | X-ray images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder without contrast |
| renal angiography | X-ray images with contrast of blood vessels of kidney |
| retrograde pyelogram (RP) | X-ray image of renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into ureters from bladder |
| voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) | X-ray image with contrast of the bladder and urethra while patient is urinating |
| radioisotope scan | image obtained after injecting a radioactive substance into bloodstream |
| cystoscopy | direct visualization of urethra and bladder using an endoscope |
| dialysis | process of seperating nitrogenous waste from blood stream |
| hemodialysis (HD) | uses artificial kidney machine to filter waste-filled blood and return it to the body |
| peritoneal dialysis (PD) | uses a catheter to introduce fluid that collects waste into abdominal cavity, then removes fluid |
| renal angioplasty | dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries to treat renal hypertension |
| renal transplantation | surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a patient |
| urinary catheterization | insertion of a tube into the urethra to drain urine from bladder |
| foley catheter | a catheter that remains in the bladder held in place by a ballon filled with liquid |
| arteriovenous fistula | surgical or natural deformation where an artery is joined to a vein and blood mixes |
| ureteroneocystostomy | surgical procedure to connect a ureter to the urinary bladder |
| -pexy | fixation |
| -poietin | substance that produces |
| -tripsy | crushing |
| cali/o, calic/o | calyx (calix) |
| glomerul/o | glomerulus |
| meat/o | meatus |
| nephr/o | kidney |
| pyel/o | renal pelvis |
| trigon/o | trigone (area of urinary bladder) |
| ureter/o | ureter |
| urethr/o | urethra |
| vesic/o | urinary bladder |
| albumin/o | albumin (a protein) |
| azot/o | nitrogen |
| bacteri/o | bacteria |
| dips/o | thirst |
| kal/i | potassium |
| ket/o | ketones |
| keton/o | ketone |
| natr/o | sodium |
| noct/o | night |
| olig/o | small amount of something |
| ur/o | urine (urea) |
| urin/o | urine |
Created by:
XiaoYiSheng