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CNS depressant
Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Central nervous system (CNS) depressants, also known as _____ | Sedative or tranquilizers |
| What class of drugs that slow down the activity of the central nervous system | Central nervous system ( CNS ) depressant |
| Examples of some CNS depressant are ? | 1. Benzodiazepines 2. Barbiturates 3. Non benzodiazepines 4. Alcohols 5. Opioid 6. Muscles relaxant |
| Examples of drugs that used for anxiety and sleep disorders, as well as for anesthesia during surgical procedures. | CNS depressant drugs |
| A class of psychoactive drugs that are commonly prescribed for their sedative, anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), hypnotic (sleep-inducing), muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant properties is called ___ | Benzodiazepines |
| How did benzodiazepines drug work | They work by enhancing the activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which helps to reduce excessive neuronal activity and promote relaxation. |
| A drugs that enhance the activity of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which helps calm the brain and reduce excessive neuronal activity. | Benzodiazepines drugs |
| Medical uses of benzodiazepines are | A. They are used for anxiety disorder panic disorder insomnia muscle spasms seizures, and alcohol withdrawal. They can provide short-term relief for acute symptoms or be used for longer-term treatment in certain cases. |
| Some drugs that under the class of benzodiazepines drugs are | A. diazepam (Valium) B. alprazolam (Xanax) C. lorazepam (Ativan) D. clonazepam (Klonopin) and E. temazepam (Restoril) |
| Why is benzodiazepines drugs are used for short time | due to the risk of tolerance dependence and addiction. |
| Prolonged use of benzodiazepines drugs can lead to ____ | Cause can lead to physical and psychological dependence |
| Discontinuation or rapid tapping of benzodiazepines drugs can result to ____ | Withdrawal of symptoms |
| Side effect of benzodiazepines drugs are | drowsiness, dizziness confusion impaired coordination, and memory problems |
| Can benzodiazepines drugs also cause paradoxical reactions, such as increased agitation or aggression as one of the side effect in some individual | Yes |
| Risk of Dependence and Addiction of Benzodiazepines drugs are | when used for extended periods or at higher doses than prescribed |
| discontinuation of benzodiazepines drugs can lead ___ | discontinuation can lead to A. withdrawal symptoms B. including anxiety C. insomnia, irritability and, in severe cases, seizures. |
| Can benzodiazepine interact with other drugs like | Yes |
| Precautions of benzodiazepines drugs | individuals with a history of substance abuse, respiratory problems, or liver disease. |
| Drugs that are used or which help to relieve anxiety by providing emotional equilibrium without drowned is called ___ | Anxiolytic drugs |
| Examples of anxiolytic drugs are | Benzodiazepines drugs |
| What class of drugs drugs Diazepam in ? | Benzodiazepine |
| What groups of drugs diazepam in ? | Anxiolytic or minor tranquilizer |
| Mode of action of diazepam drugs | It sedate the CNS and also relaxes the muscles by producing anticonvulsant , anti-anxiety and muscle relaxants effect |
| Indication of diazepam drugs | Insomnia Preoperative medication Anxiety state Multiples sclerosis Muscle spasm Status epilepticus Tetanus Convulsion Agitation Excitation |
| Dosage of Diapzepam drug | 2-5mg thrice daily for Epilepticus =10-20mg intravenously at the rate of 0.5ml ( 2.5) per 30 seconds can repeat if required after 30-60 minutes As preoperative drug =10 -20mg intravenously over 2-4minute Children =2.5-5ml ( 1-2mg) orally |
| Route of administration of diazepam | Orally, intravenously , intramuscular and rectally |
| Side effect of diazepam | Sleepiness Memory disorder Skin rash Dizziness Hypotension Respiratory depression Physical or psychic dependence Fatigue , ataxia , drowsiness , psychological depression , headache slurred speech. GIT upset |
| Contraindication for diazepam drugs | Allergy to benzodiazepines respiratory failure Acute narrow angle glaucoma Pregnancy Myasthenia gravis |
| Nursing responsibilities of diazepam ( Valium) drugs | 1. The drug should not be taking with h alcohol cause of the Valium 2. Patient with liver problems as well as pregnancy and lactating should not used it 3.patients should be advise not to drive or operate machinery while on Valium because of dizzines |
| 4. Valium should not be used with other drugs in the same syringe | |
| What is the generic name for Diazepam | Valium |
| I | |
| What class of drug lorazepam in? | Benzodiazepines |
| What group of drug lorazepam in | Anxiolytic , hypnotic , anticonvulsant and muscular relaxant drug |
| Generic name of lorazepam drugs | |
| 1 | I |
| Mode of action of lorazepam drugs | 1. It e an e presynaptic inhibition resulting in reduction of the spread of seizure activity i the thalamus , cortex and limbic area of the CNS 2. It also directly decrease the motor nerve and muscular activity |
| Indication of lorazepam drugs | Anxiety disorders Preoperative medication Sleep disorders Seizure disorder Psychotic state |
| Dosage of lorazepam for anxiety | 2-3mg daily in divided dose . The maximum dose is 10mg |
| Dosage of lorazepam drugs due to insomnia anxiety | 1-2mg at bedtime . For elderly or debilitated =initially 1-2mg daily in divided dose |
| Dosage of lorazepam for presurgical medication | 2-4mg night before surgery and or 1-2 hours prior to surgery |
| Route of administration of lorazepam drugs | Orally , intramuscularly , intravenously |
| Side effect of lorazepam drugs | Dependency |
| Contraindications of lorazepam drug | |
| Nursing responsibilities of lorazepam drug | 1. Educate on the used of long-term used of lorazepam should be avoided and dosage should be discontinued 2. Caution should be observe when alcohol or other depressants of CNS are take concurrently |
| What class of drug tamazepam in | Benzodiazepines |
| What group of drugs tamazepam in | Anxiolytic or hypnotic and neuroleptic drug |
| Generic name for tamazepam drug | |
| I | U |
| Mode of action of tamazepam drug | It help to depress the CNS by producing sleep lasting about 90 minutes with some residual drowned |
| Indication of tamazepam drug | A. Premeditation before surgery B. Anxiety before investigatory procedure C. Dental procedure D. insomnia |
| Dosage of tamazepam drug | 20-40mg one hour before operation as premedication orally . For elderly = 10-20 mg orally . Children = 1mg /kg |
| Route of administration of tamazepam drug | Orally |
| Side effect of tamazepam drugs | Drowsiness Lightheadeness Muscle weakness Occational headache Vertigo Hypertension GIT and visual disturbances Tremor , dysarthria , change in lipido , urinary retention blood disorder nd jaundice |
| Contraindications of of tamazepam drug | Respiratory depression Unstable myasthenia gravis Acute pulmonary insufficiency Severe hepatic impairment Sleep apnea syndrome Marked neuromuscular respiratory weakness Chronic psychosis |
| Nursing responsibilities of tamazepam drug | 1. Monitor the patient vital signs very closely especially respiration 2. Watch for any of the above mentioned side effect and act accordingly |
| What class of drug barbiturates in | Sedative and hypnotic |
| How does barbiturate drugs Work | Barbiturates act on the central nervous system by enhancing the activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which reduces neuronal activity and produces sedation. |
| Medical uses of barbiturates drug | anxiety insomnia epilepsy and anesthesia during surgical procedures. |
| Types of barbiturates drugs are | pentobarbital (Nembutal) phenobarbital secobarbital (Seconal) and amobarbital (Amytal) |
| Side effect of barbiturates drug | drowsiness impaired coordination confusion memory problems dizziness and respiratory depression. |
| Higher doses or misuse of barbiturates can lead to _____ | severe central nervous system depression, coma, and even death. |
| discontinuation or rapid tapering of barbiturates can lead to ____ | potentially dangerous withdrawal symptoms, including seizures and delirium. |
| Taking excessive amounts of barbiturates can result in ____ | severe central nervous system depression respiratory failure and death. |
| Mixing barbiturates with other substances, such as alcohol or opioids increases the risk of ____ | Overdose |
| Drugs that produce sleep that resemble natural sleep are called | Hypnotics drugs |
| Example of hypnotic drugs are | Barbiturates |
| Barbiturate are classified into 3 | 1. Short term barbiturate 2. Intermediate-acting and 3. Long term barbiturate |
| The short term barbiturates drug act for about ___ | 3-6 hours |
| Example of short term barbiturates drug are | Quinal or secobarbitone |
| What class of drug quinal or secobarbitone in | Barbiturates |
| What group of drug quinal or secobarbitone in | Is a short acting barbiturate or hypnotic drug |
| Mode of action of quinal or secobarbitone | It depresses the neural activity with it the CNS by reducing the rate of production of chemical transmitters ( like norepinephrine and serotonin ) as well as reducing the transmission of impulse in nerve cell |
| Indication of quinal or secobarbitone drug | Insomnia Convulsive seizure ( e.g epilepsy , cerebral trauma, tetanus ) Anxiety state |
| Dosage of quinal or secobarbitone drug | 50-200mg |
| Route of administration of quinal or secobarbitone drug | Orally Rectally |
| Side effect of quinal or secobarbitone drug | Nausea Delirium Nightmare Skin rash Urticaria Facial oedema and respiratory depression |
| Contraindications of quinal or secobarbitone drug | Hepatic or kidney disease Hypersensitivity |
| Generic name of quinal or secobarbitone | |
| I | I |
| Nursing responsibilities of quinal or secobarbitone drug | 1. Advice patient to avoid intake of alcohols cause alcohol can potentials the effect of barbiturates, leading to serious CNS depression and even coma 2. Prevent drugs dependence and drug over dosage to avert barbiturates |
| The intermediate barbiturates act for about ____ hour | 4-8 hours |
| Examples of intermediate barbiturates are | Amobarbital ( Amytal ) Butobarbitone ( soneryl , butisol ) Pentobarbitone ( Nembutal ) |
| What class of drug amobarbital in | Barbiturates |
| What group of drug barbiturates in | Intermediate acting barbiturates and anticonvulsant drug |
| Mode of action of amobarbital | It depress the neuron and synapse of the ascending reticular formation of the brain stem ,reducing the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex and consequently reducing the need for wakefulness and alertness |
| Indication of amobarbital | Anxiety state Epilepsy Febrile convulsion Insomnia |
| Dosage | 100-300mg |
| Route of administration | Orally Intravenously for clinical convulsion and epilepsy |
| Side effect of amobarbital | Nausea Vomiting Dependency Skin rashes Hypersensitive reaction |
| Contraindications of amobarbital | Hepatic and renal disorder Asthma Old people |
| Generic name | K |
| I | I |
| Nursing responsibilities of amobarbital | Not to be taking with alcohol to avoid serious CNS depression and it must be used with caution in old people Asthmatic Renal Hepatic and Diabetes patients |
| Dosage for pentobarbital ( Nembutal ) | 100-200g or 250-500mg intravenously for the control of convulsion and epilepsy |
| Long lasting barbiturate drug last for ____ hour | 8-16 hour |
| Example of long lasting barbiturates drug | Phenobarbitone ( luminal) |
| What class of drug phenobarbital in | Barbiturates |
| What group of drugs phenobarbital belong | Long-acting barbiturate and an anticonvulsant drug |
| Mode of action of phenobarbital drug | 1. It raise the threshold for electrical stimulation of the motor cortex and reduce the transmission of impulse in nerve 2. Promotes bilirubin conjugation and excretion , hence it is used for rhesus haemolytic disease of the newborn |
| 3. It inhibit post-Tetanic Potentiation and raises the seizure threshold | |
| Indication for phenobarbital drug | All form of epilepsy Febrile convulsion Rhesus haemolytic disease of the newborn |
| Dosage of phenobarbital drugs | 30-120mg twice of thrice daily |
| Route of administration of phenobarbital drug | Orally I.m I.V Rectally |
| Side effect of phenobarbital drug | Respiratory failure Hypotension ( if given I.V ) Somnolence Paradoxical insomnia and irritable in children Dependency Skin rashes Photosensitivity Nystagmus Ataxia Hepatitis Folate deficiency in long-term used |
| Contraindications of phenobarbital drug | Acute intermittent porphyria Hyperkinetic children Pregnancy Lactation Coumarin anticoagulant and Griseofulvin therapies Hepatic and renal disease |
| Generic name | I |
| I | I |
| Nursing responsibilities of phenobarbital drug | 1. Should not be taking with alcohol 2. It should not be withdrawn suddenly to avoid the precipitation of seizure 3. Should not be given I.V sine it may cause respiratory arrest or hypotension |
| What class of drug cyclobarbitone in | Barbiturate |
| What group of drug cyclobarbitone belong | It is a short-acting Barbiturate |
| Mode of action of barbiturates drugs | It depresses the Neuronal activity within the CNS by reducing the rate. of production of chemical transmitters, as well as reducing the transmission of impulses in nerve cells. |
| Indication of cyclobarbitone drug | Insomnia, Epilepsy, Tetanus anxiety states. |
| Dosage of cyclobarbitone drug | 200 - 400mg |
| Route of Administration of cyclobarbitone | Orally |
| Side effect of cyclobarbitone | Skin rashes, other allergic reactions photosensitivity Hepatitis nausea Delirium respiratory depression. |
| Contraindications of cyclobarbitone drug | Hypersensitivity Hepatic or renal disorders. |
| class of medications that are prescribed for the treatment of insomnia | Non-barbiturates sedative hypnotic drugs |
| How do NBSHs work ( Non- barbiturates sedative - hypnotic ) | NBSHs work by binding to specific receptors in the brain, which enhance the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that helps to regulate sleep and relaxation. |
| Medical uses of non-barbiturates sedative - hypnotic | primarily used for the short-term treatment of insomnia, helping individuals fall asleep and stay asleep throughout the night. |
| Some examples of NBSHs ( non-barbiturates sedative hypnotic ) | Some examples of NBSHs include zolpidem (Ambien eszopiclone (Lunesta) zaleplon (Sonata) and eszopiclone (Lunesta). zaleplon (Sonata), and eszopiclone (Lunesta). |
| Mechanism of Action of non-barbiturates sedative hypnosis | NBSHs act on specific receptors in the brain that are involved in regulating sleep They enhance the effects of GABA, which reduces neuronal activity and promotes relaxation, sedation, and sleep. |
| Can Non-Benzodiazepine Sedative-Hypnotics can interact with other medications | Yes |
Created by:
Faith111