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Pathophysiology fina
| Thrombocytopenia may be transient or consistent. normal or abnormal. congenital or acquired. active or inactive. | Congenital or acquired |
| In (DIC), the nurse assesses for active bleeding after intravascular clotting because: prothrombin is activated. clotting factors are depleted. inflammatory mediators are released. tissue factor is inactivated. | clotting factors are depleted. |
| A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (pernicious anemia). The most likely cause is a decrease in: ferritin. gastric enzymes. intrinsic factor. erythropoietin. | intrinsic factor. |
| 65 year old loss of appetite, weight loss, yellow skin, liver enlargement, and red tongue before her death. Autopsy suggested pernicious anemia, cause of death would reveal: brain hypoxia. liver hypoxia. heart failure. kidney failure. | heart failure |
| A 21-year-old female diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. In addition to fatigue and weakness, which of the following clinical signs and symptoms would she most likely exhibit? Hyperactivity Spoon-shaped nails Gait problems Petechiae | spoon shaped nails |
| A patient is diagnosed with primary thrombocythemia. A nurse would expect the blood smear to reveal _____ platelets. defective fragmented consumed overproduced | overproduced |
| 6-yr male with fatigue, jaundice, and irritability. blood smear shows sickled cells. Erythropoiesis is compromised; which crisis should the nurse monitor? Vaso-occlusive crisis Sequestration crisis Aplastic crisis Hyperhemolytic crisis | aplastic crisis |
| 5yr male w/ immune thrombocytic purpura (ITP). What cause condition? Normal postnatal platelet lysis Virally induced antibody destruction of platelets allergic reaction to vaccinations Maternal antibodies that target platelets in neonate | virally induced antibody destruction of platelets |
| Autopsy on stillborn fetus reveals cardiomegaly, hepatomegaly, edema, and ascites and fulminant intrauterine congestive heart failure. what cause death? Alpha thalassemia minor Alpha thalassemia major Hemoglobin H disease Alpha trait | Alpha thalassemia major |
| Which of the following amino acids is present in Hb S and not present in normal Hb? Valine Glutamic acid Proline Histidine | valine |
| What is the most likely cause of death associated with sickle cell disease? Decreased hemoglobin Infection An obstructive crisis A hyperhemolytic crisis | infection |
| 2yr male with growth and maturation retardation and splenomegaly. He died Autopsy revealed thalassemia secondary to defective: erythrocyte membranes. iron metabolism. stem cell formation. hemoglobin synthesis. | hemoglobin synthesis |
| A patient is diagnosed with orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be reported? Headache and blurred vision Nausea and vomiting Chest pain and palpitations Syncope and fainting | syncope and fainting |
| nurse takes an adult blood pressure and it is normal. What readings? Systolic between 140-150 mm Hg Systolic < 120 mm Hg and diastolic<80 mm Hg Systolic <100 mm Hg regardless of diastolic Systolic >140 mm Hg and a diastolic 100 mm Hg | Systolic pressure less than 120 mm Hg and diastolic pressure less than 80 mm Hg |
| 75yr obese female reporting edema in lower extremities. she has varicose veins. Upon performing the history, which is a possible cause for the varicose veins? Extreme exercise Long periods of standing Trauma to the deep veins Ischemia | Long periods of standing |
| 65yr w/untreated hypertension experiencing left heart failure. This led to: ventricular dilation & wall thinning. myocardial hypertrophy & ventricular remodeling. inhibit renin & aldosterone. alterations in alpha & beta receptor function. | myocardial hypertrophy and ventricular remodeling |
| When a patient is diagnosed with coronary artery disease, the nurse assesses for myocardial: hypertrophy. ischemia. necrosis. inflammation | Ischemia |
| 28 yr report severe chest pain that worsens w/respirations or lying down. a fever, tachycardia, and a friction rub. Assessment support which diagnosis? Acute pericarditis Myocardial infarction (MI) Stable angina Pericardial effusion | Acute pericarditis |
| 3 yr male with Kawasaki disease. What is cause of Kawasaki disease? A genetic defect causing left heart failure Autoimmune injury to the lymphatic vessels Infectious pericarditis Inflammation of the small capillaries, arteries, and veins | Inflammation of the small capillaries, arteries, and veins |
| A newborn develops a murmur and cyanosis shortly after birth. A diagnosis of pulmonic stenosis (PS) is made after an echocardiogram revealed narrowing of the pulmonary: tree. artery. valve. vein | Valve |
| 22yr pregnant fetal heartbeat is irregular & fetal echonreveals atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect.mThis defect is: failure of ductus arteriosus to close. incomple fusion of endocardial cushions. patent foramen ovale. right-to-left shunt. | incomplete fusion of the endocardial cushions. |
| 1mth-old exam reveals decreased cardiac output, hypotension, tachycardia, and a loud murmur suggestive of aortic stenosis. Which condition with this diagnosis? Atrial dilation Ventricular hypertrophy Atrial rigidity Decreased contractility | Ventricular hypertrophy |
| A newborn child is diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot. What symptoms would the nurse expect to observe in the child? High-pitched cry and dyspnea Cyanosis and hypoxia Leg pain and twitching Epistaxis and anemia | Cyanosis and hypoxia |
| newborn experiences cyanosis, usually occurring during crying or after feeding. Which cardiac diagnosis does this support? Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Tetralogy of Fallot Atrial septal defect (ASD) | Tetralogy of Fallo |
| 80 yr develops pneumonia. the patient is cyanotic and tachycardic and has fever and a cough. Chest x-ray reveals pus in the pleural space. This symptomology supports which medical diagnosis? Empyema Emphysema Pleurisy Chyle | Empyema |
| What breathing w/ patient w/metabolic acidosis & kussmaul respirations? Audible wheezing or stridor Increased rate, large tidal volumes, no expiratory pause Rapid respirations w/ periods of apnea Very slow inhalations and rapid expirations | Increased rate, large tidal volumes, and no expiratory pausE |
| Aspiration of oral secretions increases a patient’s risk for which complication? Pneumonia Bronchiectasis Pneumothorax Emphysema | pneumonia |
| Individuals with a recent diagnosis of emphysema should be assessed for which most common presenting factor? A productive cough Cyanosis Dyspnea Cor pulmonale | dsypnea |
| A nurse is reviewing the results of an arterial blood gas (ABG) and finds reduced oxygenation of arterial blood. What term should the nurse use to describe this condition? Ischemia Hypoxia Hypoxemia Hypocapnia | hypoxemia |
| Which assessment findings will the nurse observe in a patient diagnosed with severe pulmonary edema? Thick mucous secretions Pink, frothy sputum Hypocapnia Wheezing | pink frothy sputum |
| 11 yr with fever and cough and is diagnosed with atypical pneumonia. What type of pneumonia does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing? Pneumococcal pneumonia Viral pneumonia Correct! Mycoplasma pneumonia Streptococcal pneumonia | mycoplasma pneumonia |
| A newborn experiencing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) will demonstrate signs: within minutes of birth. 2–3 hours after birth. within the first 12–24 hours after birth. 24–48 hours after exposure to an infectious organism. | within minutes of birth. |
| A 13-year-old female is diagnosed with asthma. Which of the following should the nurse teach the patient to recognize as a part of an asthmatic attack? Headache Chest pain Wheezing Low heart rate | wheezing |
| After nearly drowning 2 year old developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following should the nurse assess the patient for? Decreased heart rate Increased lung compliance Increased surfactant production Hypoxemia | hypoxemia |
| Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) peaks between _____ and ____months of age. 1; 2 2; 4 6; 8 10; 12 | 2;4 |
| 2wk female with fever, productive cough, respiratory distress, &empyema. Which is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart? Viral pneumonia Pneumococcal pneumonia Staphylococcal pneumonia Mycoplasma pneumonia | staphylococcal pneumonia |
| 30yr male w/ hematuria w/red blood cell casts & proteinuria exceeding 3–5 grams per day, w/albumin being the major protein. The diagnosis on the chart is: cystitis. chronic pyelonephritis. acute glomerulonephritis. renal calculi. | acute glomerulonephritis |
| When considering pyelonephritis, where is the site of the infection? Bladder Renal pelvis Renal tubules Glomerulus | renal pelvis |
| A 75 year old reports loss of urine with cough, sneezing, or laughing. These symptoms support which diagnosis? Urge incontinence Stress incontinence Overflow incontinence Functional incontinence | stress incontinence |
| What is the most common type of renal stone composed of? Struvite Cystine Calcium Uric acid | calcium |
| patient has severe kidney obstruction leading to removal of affected kidney. Which would expect to occur? Atrophy of the remaining kidney Compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney Dysplasia in the remaining kidney Renal failure | compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney |
| When a child is admitted with acute renal failure, a clinician realizes the most common cause of acute renal failure is: glomerulonephritis. obstruction. nephrotic syndrome. hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). | Hemolytic uremic syndrome HUS |
| life expectancy of infants who are diagnosed with bilateral renal agenesis is expected to be: death within 1 year of birth. a fairly normal, healthy life. death within a few hours of birth. good when anomalies are corrected with surgery. | Death within a few hours of birth |
| Which symptoms would support a child’s diagnosis of glomerulonephritis? Pyuria, fever, and abdominal pain Proteinuria, hypotension, and ascites Dysuria, urinary frequency, and abdominal tenderness Gross hematuria, edema, and hypertension | gross hematuria, edema, and hypertension |
| A 6-year-old male diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux is experiencing urine reflux from the urinary bladder into a grossly dilated ureter and calyces. This condition would be graded: I. II. III. IV | IV |
| A 7 year old is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which sign would support this diagnosis? Constipation Vesicular skin rash Frothy urine Jaundice | frothy urine |
| A 35-year-old nonpregnant female presents with breast discharge and is diagnosed with galactorrhea. The condition is most likely caused by: infection. prolactin imbalance. tissue injury. cancer | Prolactin imbalance |
| The most commonly occurring cancer of the female reproductive tract is _____ cancer. cervical. ovarian. endometrial. fallopian. | Endometrial |
| 23yr sexually active female w/ white copious discharge, itch & is diagnosed with yeast vaginitis. This condition is caused by overgrowth of which microorganism? Escherichia coli Lactobacillus acidophilus Candida albicans Neisseria gonorrhoeae | candida albicans |
| 30yr female with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is being counseled by her OB-GYN. The physician indicates that this condition often results in: ovarian cancer. infertility. early menopause. pelvic inflammatory disease. | infertility |
| 21yr female is infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) following unprotected sexual intercourse with a male she recently met. She is now at higher risk of developing which of the following cancers? Cervical Ovarian Endometrial Vulvar | cervical |
| Which are true regarding prostate cancer?Select all responsible for majority of cancer-related deaths in males. usually before age 50. leading type of nonskin cancer in men more common in White men Prostate cancer death rates have been declining | It is the leading type of nonskin cancer in men in the United States. Prostate cancer death rates have been declining in the United States. |
| 30yr with penile tenderness & discharge reveals that his foreskin cannot be retracted back over the glans penis. This assessment data is consistent with what condition? Paraphimosis Correct! Phimosis Peyronie disease Priapism | phimosis |
| patient’s medication has side effect of gynecomastia. The nurse would respond that gynecomastia is: lack of breast development in women. overdevelopment of breast tissue in males. a type of breast cancer. inflammation of the mammary glands. | overdevelopment of breast tissue in males |
| A 38 year old presents reporting difficulty having sexual intercourse because his penis curves during erection. What term describes this condition? Phimosis Cryptorchidism Paraphimosis Peyronie disease | Petronius disease |
| _____ is an inflammation of the glans penis. Phimosis Balanitis Priapism Hydrocele | Balanitis |
| An analysis of most gallstones would reveal a high concentration of: phosphate. bilirubin. urate. cholesterol. | Cholesterol |
| patient w/infrequent bowel movements & w/ functional constipation. What can be a contributing factor to this condition? (Select all that apply.) Neurogenic disorder Sedentary lifestyle Low residue diet Colon cancer Low fluid intake | sedentary lifestlye Low residue diet Low fluid intake |
| Chronic gastritis is classified according to the: severity. location of lesions. patient’s age. signs and symptoms. | Location of lesions |
| An increase in the rate of red blood cell breakdown causes which form of jaundice? Obstructive Hemolytic Hepatocellular Metabolic | hemolytic |
| 50 yr with gastroesophageal reflux. This condition is caused by: fibrosis of the lower third of the esophagus. sympathetic nerve stimulation. loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter. reverse peristalsis of the stomach. | loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter |
| What is the most common symptom of Meckel diverticulum observed in children? Constipation Vomiting Rectal bleeding Ascites | rectal bleeding |
| 2mth w/Hirschsprung disease develop megacolon. cause of condition? No intrinsic ganglion cells resulting in impaired peristalsis cow’s milk instead of formula Excessive glycerin suppositories 4 bowel elimination More ganglion cells through colon | abscence of intrinsic ganglion cells resulting in impaired peristalsis |
| 1wk female w/abdominal distention, unstable temperature, bradycardia, apnea. portal venous gas and an intestinal perforation. This condition is referred to as: infective enteropathy. necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). mucoviscidosis. ileus | Necrotizing enterocolitis NEC |
| Kwashiorkor is a severe dietary deficiency of: fat-soluble vitamins. carbohydrates. protein. calcium and magnesium. | Protein |
| The nurse assessing the patient with biliary atresia would expect to find which primary clinical manifestation? Anemia Jaundice Hypobilirubinemia Ascites | jaundice |
Created by:
Aconover