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Pathophysiology Fina
Nightingale Pathophysiology Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Leukemia is classified as | acute or chronic |
| a pt has a thrombosis. while reviewing the history, the nurse found the pt has atherosclerosis. to which component of the Virchow triad does the atherosclerosis correlate? | Endothelial Injury |
| Hypersplenism occurs when: | the spleen is overactive |
| The best treatment for multiple myeloma: | chemotherapy |
| what type of cell is most affected by acute leukemia: | blast cells |
| you observe a platelet count of 9,000/mm3, which condition must you monitor for in this patient? | spontaneous bleeding |
| which symptoms should you assess for in a patient with Hodgkins lymphoma | night sweats, low-grade fever, weight loss |
| A patient has lymphoblastic lymphoma. which organ is most affected | Thymus |
| a pt has multiple myeloma. which are in the body does the nurse closely monitor for the tumor masses? | bones |
| A pt has AIDS. which laboratory report should the nurse monitor closely in this patient | Lymphocyte counts |
| Aortic stenosis results in the incomplete emptying of the | Left ventricle |
| One complication of sustained hypertension is | anemia |
| mitogens, such as angiotensin II, and growth factors stimulate: | smooth muscle proliferation |
| If a pt's history indicates that the cardiac valve disease is autosomal dominate, which diagnosis will the nurse observe written in the chart? | Mitral valve prolapse |
| Prinzmetal angina is caused by | vasospasm |
| A pt is diagnosed with chronic pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. which of the following heart failures does the nurse assess for in this pt. | right-sided heart failure |
| a pt's coronary blood flow is insufficient to meet the metabolic demands of the cyocytes. which term will the nurse use to describe this process/ | myocardial ischemia |
| a nurse is asked by why myocardial ischemia is usually reversible within 20 mins. what is the nurse's best response | anaerobic metabolism maintains cellular integrity for approximately 20 mins. |
| The main white blood cell that plays a role in the development of the fatty streak in atherosclerosis is the | macrophage |
| Secondary hypertension is caused by | an underlying disease process or medication that raises peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac output. |
| High ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio can be caused by | obstruction to pulmonary blood flow |
| dyspnea that occurs when an individual lies flat and is common in individuals with heart failure | orthopnea |
| all disorders associated with ARDS can cause massive pulmonary | Imflammation |
| a pt \has recently developed chronic bronchitis. which assessment finding is typical for this patient | a productive cough |
| what term is used to describe hypertrophy of the nailbeds due to chronic hypoxemia | clubbing |
| a pt has pleuritic chest pain, shortness of breath, and hemoptysis. the primary care provider suspects a pulmonary embolus. which lab test should the nurse check to help confirm this diagnosis? | D-dimer levels |
| which assessment finding indicated that the patient is experiencing dyspena | feelings of shortness of breath |
| A pt in the emergency room reports coughing up blood, night sweats and recently feeling tired all the time. the pt is feverish. what medical condition does the nurse suspect the pt is experiencing | Tuberculosis |
| an are where alveoli are ventilated but not perfused is termed | alveolar dead space |
| obstruction to pulmonary blood flow results in | decreased perfusion and high V?Q ratio |
| a pt diagnosed with multiple myeloma reports severe pain. this pain can be attributed to | destruction of bone tissue |
| a 58-year-old female presents in the clinic with fatigue, weight loss, and tingling in her fingers. lab findings show low hemoglobin and hematocrit, a high mean corpuscular volume and normal plasma iron. what kind of anemia does she have | Pernicious anemia |
| a 5-year-old was diagnosed with normocytic-norrmochomis anemia. which type of anemia does the nurse suspect the pt has? | Hemolytic |
| A 10 year old presents with abdominal swelling, night sweats, fever, and weight loss. He is diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma. Upon obtaining the history, which of the following is the most likely cause? | Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) |
| A 35-year-old male with hyperthyroidism begins treatment to decrease thyroid activity. A nurse monitors for which of the following conditions that could result secondary to the treatment? | Basophilia |
| Aplastic anemia is caused by | stem cell deficiency |
| which of the following amino acids is present in Hb S and not present in normal Hb | Valine |
| A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with leukemia. Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) | fatigue pallor petechiae fever |
| By what other name is the clotting factor IX disorder, hemophilia B known as? | Christmas disease |
| Which major symptom indicates to the nurse that patient diagnosed with sickle cell anemia is experiencing a vaso-occlusive crisis? | Pain |
| Testing reveals that a child has hemophilia A. This bleeding disorder results from a deficiency in factor: | VIII |
| A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with immune thrombocytic purpura (ITP). What is the most common cause of this condition? | Virally induced antibody destruction of platelets |
| A 65-year-old male is diagnosed with chronic pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Which of the following heart failures should the nurse assess for in this patient? | Right Heart |
| Which characteristic changes should the nurse keep in mind while caring for a patient with left heart failure? As left heart failure progresses: | left ventricular preload increases. |
| What term should the nurse use to document a detached blood clot? | Thromboembolus |
| A 10-year-old male presents with fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, and nosebleeds and is diagnosed with rheumatic heart disease. While planning care, which characteristic changes should the nurse remember? | Antigens that bind to the valvular lining, triggering an autoimmune response. |
| A 68-year-old male presents to the ER reporting chest pain. He has a history of stable angina that now appears to be unstable. He most likely has: | Impending myocardial infarction (MI) |
| When a patient is diagnosed with coronary artery disease, the nurse assesses for myocardial: | ischemia |
| A 2-week-old infant who presents with poor feeding, fatigue, dyspnea, and a murmur is diagnosed with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). This condition results in a(n): | Left-to-right shunt |
| A newborn child has a murmur and is cyanotic. An echocardiogram reveals that the tricuspid valve failed to develop and so no blood flows between the right atrium and ventricle. This condition is described with the term tricuspid: | atresia |
| A 1-month-old infant visits his primary care provider for a well-baby check. Physical exam reveals decreased cardiac output, hypotension, tachycardia, and a loud murmur suggestive of aortic stenosis. Which condition would be expected with this diagnosis | Ventricular hypertrophy |
| A 3-year-old male is diagnosed with Kawasaki disease. What is the most likely cause of Kawasaki disease? | Inflammation of the small capillaries, arteries, and veins |
| A newborn is suspected of having coarctation of the aorta. Which of the following assessments would aid in diagnosis? | weak or absent femoral pulses |
| An 8-week-old infant presents to the pediatrician for a well-baby checkup. Physical exam reveals a murmur, and an echocardiogram confirms a ventricular septal defect. Which genetic disorder is likely to accompany this diagnosis? | down syndrome |
| A 20-year history of smoking causes airways to be obstructed as a result of: | loss of elastic recoil |
| A 60 year old with a 25-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. Assessment shows an increased anterior-posterior chest diameter. The nurse attributes this finding to: | air trapping |
| asthma is thought to be caused by | interactions between genetic and environmental factors |
| when giving report, what term should the nurse used to describe the coughing up of bloody secreations | hemoptysis |
| Which assessment findings will the nurse observe in a patient diagnosed with severe pulmonary edema? | Pink, frothy sputum |
| A 42 YO pt w/ dyspnea; rapid, shallow breathing; inspiratory crackles; decreased lung compliance; and hypoxemia. Tests reveal a fulminant form of respiratory failure characterized by acute lung inflammation & diffuse alveolocapillary injury. diagnosis? | acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) |
| During a respiratory assessment of an infant diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome, a depression in the supraclavicular and intercostal areas of the thorax was noted with inspiration. This observation is documented as: | Retractions |
| A 2-week-old female presents with fever, productive cough, respiratory distress, and empyema. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart? | Staphylococcal pneumonia |
| A 9 year old contracted influenza. Which of the following complications is of greatest concern to the nurse? | Bronchiolitis obliterans |
| Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) peaks between _____ and ____months of age. | 2; 4 |
| A young patient is admitted to the pediatric unit with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) exacerbation. The nurse monitors the patient closely for which potentially fatal complication of CF? | Respiratory failure |
| After nearly drowning a 2 year old developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following should the nurse assess the patient for? | Hypoxemia |
| a pt has a dilated ureter from an obstructed upper urinary tract. which term will the nurse used to describe this condition | hydroureter |
| a pt experiences relief of bilateral kidney obstruction which results in prostobertructive diuresis. what risks are associated with this situation | fluid and electrolyte imbalance |
| which of the following symptoms is associated with overactive bladder syndrome | Nocturne |
| A nurse is describing bladder dysfunction caused by neurologic disorders like stroke, TBI, dementia and brain tumors. which of the following terms refers to this type of bladder dysfunction | Neurogenic bladder |
| the nurse is assessing a pt with bladder cancer. which of the following is typical finding for pt with bladder cancer | Hematuria |
| a pt with cystitis reports painful urination. The nurse will document this symptom as which of the following | dysuria |
| A pt presents with a UTI. the nurse knows that the most common causative pathogen is which of the following | escherichia coli |
| a pt with chronic pyelonephritis. what would the nurse expect to see in this pt | Kidney scarring |
| The nurse is describing the pathophysiology of glomerulonephritis. which of the following mechanisms represents a major component of both primary and secondary glomerular injury | antigen-antibody complexes that deposit within the glomerulus |
| Which of the following occurs when normally soluble material such as calcium and oxalate supersaturated the urine and being the process of crystal formation | kidney stones |
| a 14-year-old has failed to menstruate and developed secondary sex characteristics. what term is used to describe this condition | primary amenorrhea |
| What term is used when describing the occurrence of sexual maturation in girls before the age of 6 and boys before the age of 9? | precocious puberty |
| dermoid cysts are tumors that contain elements of hair ski glad muscle cartilage and bone that can eventually develop into | ovarian cancer |
| risk factors for the development of endometrial cancer include | obesity, early menarche, and late menopause |
| exposure in utero to non-steroidal estrogens (diethylsitlbestol [DES]) also has been identifies as a risk factor for | vaginal cancer |
| which cancer is the nurse testing for when the papanicolaou test (Pap smear) is used for routine screening? | Cervical cancer |
| An abnormal dialtion of a vein within the permatic cord that can lear to infertility is known as a | varicocele |
| Polycystc ovarian syndrome results in stimulation of follicle growth without ovulation and generally leads to | Infertility |
| Benign ovarian cysts are classified as | follicular. corps lutetium/luteal, or dermoid |
| what intervention is recommended for patients with benign breast disease | monitoring the intake of caffeine and chocolate |
| The most common cause of chronic pancreatitis is | alcohol abuse |
| a patient has a small bowel obstruction. what are the classic symptoms | vomiting, colicky abdominal pain, and abdominal distension |
| wha will be included in the initial assessment finding for a stress ulcer in a patent who sustained severe trauma | gastrointestinal bleeding |
| Gastrectomy surgery commonly leads to a vitamin b12 deficiency anemia because | decreased intrinsic factor production results in decreased vitamin b |
| Reflux esophagitis is defined as | an inflammatory response to gastroesophageal reflux |
| the most common cause of portal hypertension is | liver cirrhosis |
| Malabsorption of what vitamin due to injury to the mucosa of the ileum is a common characteristic of crohns disease | B12 |
| Disorders is most commonly associated with bright red blood in the stools | colorectal cancer |
| what interventions will the n nurse include in a plan of car for a patient with GERD | weight reduction, stop smoking, and elevating the head of the bed 6 inches help to alleviate symptoms |
| tissue damage in acute pancreatitis is caused by | leakage of pancreatic enzymes into pancreatic tissue |
| a 55 year old presents reporting urinary retention. tests reveal a lower urinary tract obstruction. which of the following is the patient at risk for? | formation of renal calculi |
| a pt has a severe kidney obstruction leading to removal of the affected kidney. which of the following would the nurse expect to occur. | compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney |
| a 54 year old female is diagnosed with nephritic syndrome. which of the following is a common symptom of this disease | hematuria |
| a 25 year old female is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. when the nurse checks the culture results, which of the following organisms is most likely infecting her urinary tract | escherichia coli |
| a 30 year old male his demonstrating hematuria with red blood cells vasts and proteinuria exceeding 3-5 grams per day, with albumin being the major protein. the most probable diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart is | acute glomerulonephritis |
| Physical examination of a newborn who dies shortly after birth revels wide-set eyes, parrot-beak nose, low-set ears, and receding chin. these abnormalities support which diagnosis? | potter syndrome |
| a 7 year old is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. which sign would support this diagnosis | frothy urine |
| which of the following clusters of symptoms would support a Childs diagnosis of glomerulonephritis | gross hematuria, edema, and hypertension |
| the life expectancy of infants who are diagnosed with bilateral renal agenesis is expected to be | death within a few hours |
| a 10 year old male is diagnosed with gloerulonephritis. tests reveal the deposition of immunoglobulin IgA in the glomerular capillaries. the nurse with monitor for recurrent | hematuria |
| a 23 year old sexually active female presents with white copious dish care and itch and is diagnosed with yeast vaginitis. this is caused by overgrowth of which microorganism | Candida albicans |
| a 21 year old female is infected with HPV following unprotected sexual intercourse with a male she recently met. she is now at a higher risk of developing which of the following cancers? | cervical |
| a 25 year old female presents with amenorrhea and hirsutism and is diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). lab testing will most likely reveal | hyperinsulinemia |
| a 30 year old female with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is being counseled by her OB-GYN. The physician indicates that this condition often results in | Infertility |
| Conditions that contributed to dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) include: | PCOS obesity thyroid disease |
| the patients medication has a said effects of gynecomastia. the nurse would respond that gynecomastia is | overdevelopment of breast tissue in males |
| an important risk factor in the development of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) among Americans is | Increased age |
| A 25 year old sexually active male presents with urethritis and epididymitis, and is diagnosed with the most common bacteria STI in the United States. what is the infection | chlamydia |
| the risk of testicular cancer is greater for which group? (select all) | History of cryptorchidism, who are white ethnicity, between 15 and 35 years of age. |
| an example of a parasitic sexually transmitted infection (STI) that is transmitted through close skin to skin contact is | scabies |
| assuming that midline epigastric pain is caused by a stimulus action on abdominal orang, the pain felt is classified as | visceral |
| a patient presenting to the physician with reports infrequent bowel movements and is diagnosed with functional constipation. what can be a contributing factor to this condition | sedentary lifestyle, low residue diet, low fluid intake |
| The icteric phase of hepatitis is characterized by which clinical manifestations | jaundice, dark urine, enlarged liver |
| what is the cause of peptic ulcer disease | breaks in the mucosa and presence of corrosive secretions |
| an analysis of most gallstones would revel a high concentration of | cholesterol |
| the family learns that a 3d ultrasound of a 9 weeks fetus shows incomplete fusion of the nasomedial process. what is the defect commonly called | Cleft lip |
| a 3 month old female presents with intention tremors, dystonia, greenish-yellow rings in the cornea, and hepatomegaly. tests reveal a defect on chromosome 13. which of the following is most likely diagnosed | Wilsons disease |
| when a new born has a lock of bilirubin uptake, what does the nurse suspect is occurring in the patients? | physiological jaundice |
| which of the following are complications of gateronesphageal reflux disease (GERD) | esophagitis barrett esophagus (BE) couch recurrent Otis media (OM) |
| early identification and treatment for metabolic disorders are important because | permanent damage to vital organs can be prevented |
| which laboratory results will be elevated in a patient with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) | Fibrin degradation products |
| a nurse suspects that the paten t is experiencing disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). which lab tests should the nurse ask the primary care provider to order? | D-dimer |
| Neutophilia and left shift are most commonly associated with | a bacterial infection |
| inflammatory cytokines released by Hodgkin's lymphoma tumors often cause | night sweats, low fade fevers, and weight loss |
| the most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is | parathyroid glad injury or removal |
| the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) involves | autoimmune Destin of pancreatic beta cells |
| a major cause of myxedema coma is | untreated hypothroidism |
| a patient is experiencing a thyroid storm. which assessment finding will the nurse observe? | high levels of thyroid hormone in conjunction with high levels of stress hormones lead to fever, tachycardia, and eventually high output heart failure |
| Fibromyalgia specifically manifests with | trigger/tender pont pain |
| a patient has a fracture that is broke into several fragments. which type of fracture did the patient sustain? | comminuted |
| a favor that contributes to the development of osteoporosis in older women (post menopausal) is | decreased estrogen levels |
| a patient has osteomyelitis. when the nurse is reviewing the lab results, which type of organism will the nurse most likely observe on the report | bacteria |
| pain and inflammation associated with gout are caused by crystallization of | Uric acid |
| severe trauma can result in the release of myoglobin from skeletal muscles cells, causing a lift-threatening condition called | rhabdomyolysis |
| Aortic stenosis results in the incomplete emptying of the | Left ventricle |
| Prinzmental angina is caused by | vasospasm |
| what develops if the flow or oxygen content of the coronary blood is insufficient to meet the metabolic demands of the myocardial cells | myocardial ischemia |
| all disorders associated with ARDS can cause massive pulmonary: | inflammation |
| a productive cough for at least 3 month is the classic sign of | chronic bronchitis |
| the sensation of feeling short of breath | feeling short of breath |
| an acquired chronic autoimmune disease mediated by antibodies against the acetylcholine receptors (AChR) at the neuromuscular junction | myasthenia gravis |
| Rheumatoid arthritis results from join inflammation caused by | autoimmune injury |
Created by:
abbottmichelle