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Chemistry
Reduction, Oxidation and Electrolysis
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Classical concept of oxidation | Addition of oxygen or any electro -ve species or removal of H or any electro +ve species. C+O2 --> CO2, Ca + Cl2 --> CaCl2, H2S + Cl --> 2HCl + S |
| Classical concept of reduction | Addition of H or any other electro +ve species or removal of O or any other electro -ve species. |
| Electronic concept of oxidation and reduction | Oxidation is the loss of e- or increase in Oxidation number. Reduction is the gain of e- or decrease in Oxidation number. |
| Oxidation number and oxidation state | O.N is the charge associated with an atom on removing all other atoms in form of ions from a molecule. |
| Rules for determining O.N | ON of element in elementary state is 0, Sum of ON of all elements is 0( in case of ions, it is the charge carried), ON of Group 1 elements is +1, group 2 is + 2. ON of H is +1 except metal hydrides where it is -1, On of O is -2 expect peroxides and superx |
| ON of CN, CO, CO3, NO3, SO4, HCO3 | -1, 0, -2, -1, -2, -4 |
| Minimum and maximum ON | Min ON is the no of e- it can gain to complete octet state while max ON is the number of valence e- |
| Differences betw ON and valency | Valency is the combining capacity of an atom. ON is the charge associated with an atom when all other atoms are removed as ions from a molecule. Valency is whole num ON might not be whole num Valency is neutral ON might be +ve, -ve or 0 |
| Oxidizing agent and reducing agent | Oxidizing agent are the elements whose ON gets reduced meanwhile reducing agents are the element whose ON gets increased. |
| Examples of OA and RA | OA = All molecules with oxygen present except CO including halogens RA = All oxygen less molecules w. presence of H, including CO & C |
| Disproportionate rxn | The chemical rxn where same chemical species gets reduced and oxidized |
| What is electrolysis? | Electrolysis is the process of decomposition of electrolytes by passing electricity through its aqueous form. |
| Anode and Cathode | Anode is the positive terminal that attracts anions and Cathode are the negative terminal that attracts cations. |
| Faraday's first law of electrolysis | It states that, " The amount of substance discharges or deposited or liberated at electrode during electrolysis is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passes through the electrolyte solution " |
| Faraday's second law of electrolysis | " If same quantity of electricity is passes through another electrolytic soln connected in a series, the amount of substance liberated/deposited is directly proportional to its chemical equivalent or equivalent mass" |
Created by:
Saksm
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